Enzyme test

Enzymatic examination is a laboratory diagnostic method for determining the activity of enzymes in body fluids to determine pathological processes. Enzymes are present in cell membranes, nucleus, cytoplasm, mitochondria and lysosomes, and participate in various chemical changes in organisms for normal life. Required for the event. Most enzymes work in cells, and only a very small number of enzymes are secreted as components of body fluids or function in vitro. When tissue lesions increase cell permeability or cell rupture, intracellular enzymes can also enter the body fluid, often reflecting the pathological process of the organ. Therefore, enzymatic examination can help diagnose the disease, judge the prognosis and observe the therapeutic effect. Basic Information Specialist classification: cardiovascular examination classification: blood examination Applicable gender: whether men and women apply fasting: fasting Analysis results: Below normal: May be malnourished. Normal value: Alanine aminotransferase: 5-35 IU/L Aspartate aminotransferase: 10-36 IU/L Alkaline phosphatase: 50-170 IU/L Lactate dehydrogenase: 55-135IU/L Above normal: Common in acute hepatitis, chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis. negative: Positive: Tips: When you take blood, you should relax your mind, avoid the contraction of blood vessels caused by fear, and increase the difficulty of blood collection. Normal value 1, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) Rate method (enzymatic method) 5-35 IU/L. 2. Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) Rate method (enzymatic method) 10-36 IU/L. 3. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) The rate method is 50-170 IU/L. 4. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) The rate method is 55-135 IU/L. Clinical significance 1, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) Increased in acute hepatitis, chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, cholelithiasis, liver necrosis, liver cancer, cholangitis, cholecystitis, myocardial infarction, heart failure, myocarditis, polymyositis, alcohol, chemical poisons, drugs and other factors caused by liver damage. 2. Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) Increased in acute and chronic severe hepatitis, cirrhosis, myocarditis, myocardial infarction, nephritis, cholangitis, dermatomyositis and other diseases. 3. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) Increased in acute and chronic jaundice hepatitis, obstructive jaundice, biliary calculus, cholangiocarcinoma, liver cancer, fibrotic osteitis, sinus disease, fracture repair healing period. 4. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) Increased in hepatitis, myocardial infarction, pulmonary infarction, some malignant tumors, leukemia, erythenic syndrome, shock, hemolytic anemia and other diseases. People who need to be checked Weak, pale, and have a sickness. Loss of appetite and weight loss. Easy to bruise or hemorrhage, sore throat, bronchitis with headache, low fever, mouth pain and rash. Lymph nodes, especially in the throat, underarms, and groin. A person who feels uncomfortable under the left flank. High results may be diseases: elderly patients with myocardial infarction, coronary heart disease, cirrhosis, non-thyroid morbid syndrome, pediatric liver tumor, endocrine myopathy considerations Pre-inspection contraindications: Predetermine certain reaction conditions, such as time, temperature, pH, etc., and keep these reaction conditions constant during the enzyme determination. If the temperature does not exceed 1 °C, the pH should be constant. The concentration of the prepared substrate should be accurate and large enough. Preservatives that do not inhibit the activity of the enzyme should be added to the substrate solution and stored in the refrigerator to prevent the substrate from being decomposed. Specimens should be fresh, because most enzymes can be reduced in activity due to long-term storage, if specimens cannot be measured in time, they should be stored in the refrigerator. When using plasma, the effect of the anticoagulant on the enzyme reaction should be considered. Some enzymes have higher concentrations in blood cells and platelets than serum. Therefore, when collecting blood and separating serum, care should be taken to prevent hemolysis and white blood cell rupture. Requirements for examination: When taking blood, you should relax your mind to avoid the contraction of blood vessels caused by fear and increase the difficulty of blood collection. During the enzymatic reaction, only the reaction rate is proportional to the enzyme concentration in the initial period of time, and the reaction rate gradually decreases as the reaction time increases. Inspection process Vascular blood collection was used for testing. Before venous blood collection, carefully check that the needle is securely installed and that there is air and moisture in the syringe. The needle used should be sharp, smooth, ventilated, and the syringe should not leak. Firstly, the skin was disinfected from the inside to the outside and clockwise from the selected venipuncture with a 30g/L iodine swab. After the iodine was volatilized, the iodized trace was wiped out in the same way with a 75% ethanol swab. Fix the lower end of the venipuncture site with the thumb of the left hand, hold the syringe syringe with the thumb and middle finger of the right hand, and fix the needle lower seat with the index finger, so that the bevel of the needle and the scale of the syringe are upward, and the needle is inclined along the vein to make the needle and the skin obliquely penetrate the skin at an angle of 30°. Then, through the vein wall, enter the venous cavity forward at an angle of 5°. After seeing the blood return, the needle will be probed into the spot to avoid the needle slipping out when the blood is collected, but it is not possible to use a deep puncture to avoid hematoma, and immediately remove the cuff. Needle plug can only be pumped out, can not be pushed in, so as to avoid injecting air into the vein to form a gas plug, causing serious consequences. Remove the syringe needle and slowly inject the blood into the anticoagulation tube along the tube wall to prevent hemolysis and foam. Not suitable for the crowd People with a significant tendency to bleed. Adverse reactions and risks 1, dizziness or fainting: in the blood draw, due to emotional overstress, fear, reflex caused by vagus nerve excitement, blood pressure decreased, etc. caused by insufficient blood supply to the brain caused by fainting or dizziness. 2. Risk of infection: If you use an unclean needle, you may be at risk of infection.