Precipitation reaction

Immunoprecipitation is mainly used for qualitative detection of antigens or antibodies. The principle refers to the phenomenon of visible precipitate formed by the soluble antigen and the corresponding antibody in the presence of an electrolyte in an appropriate ratio. The precipitation experiments designed according to this phenomenon mainly include flocculation precipitation test, cyclic precipitation test and precipitation test in gel. The precipitation test in the gel can be divided into immunodiffusion experiment and immunoelectrophoresis technology according to the experimental method. The two types of precipitation reaction technology are widely used to identify the protein components in the mixture, identify the bacterial type, and diagnose. Diseases and identification of bloodstains in forensic medicine. Basic Information Specialist classification: growth and development examination classification: blood examination Applicable gender: whether men and women apply fasting: fasting Analysis results: Below normal: Normal value: no Above normal: negative: Generally normal. Positive: May be syphilis infection. Tips: Forbidden overeating before check-up, it is best to test on an empty stomach in the morning. Normal value In the reaction curve of the precipitation reaction, a range in which the ratio of the antigen-antibody molecules is appropriate is referred to as an equivalent band. The result was negative. Clinical significance Abnormal result When the antigen forms a contact surface with the corresponding antibody, if the ratio of the two is appropriate, a milky white ring formed on the contact surface is a positive precipitation reaction. Precipitation reaction technology is widely used to identify protein components in mixtures, identify bacterial types, diagnose diseases, and identify bloodstains in forensic medicines because of their high specificity. For example, check the Kang's reaction of syphilis antibodies. People who need to be checked People infected with related viruses, or people with low resistance. Positive results may be diseases: syphilis, type III hypersensitivity disease, schistosomiasis, skin cysticercosis Taboo before the test: taboo overeating, it is best to test on an empty stomach in the morning. Requirements for examination: According to the results of immunoprecipitation, the salt concentration can be adjusted to a certain extent. If more protein is precipitated, the salt concentration can be appropriately increased. If the binding ability of the antibody to the target protein is weak, the salt concentration is appropriately reduced. Inspection process The precipitation reaction is divided into two phases, the first phase of antigen-antibody binding, and the second phase forming a visible immune complex. The classical precipitation reaction observes or measures the precipitation line or the precipitation ring in the second stage to determine the result, which is called the end point method; and the rapid immunoturbidimetric method measures the rate of formation of the immune complex in the first stage, which is called the rate method. Not suitable for the crowd 1. Patients who have taken contraceptives, thyroid hormones, steroid hormones, etc., may affect the results of the examination and prohibit patients who have recently taken the drug history. 2, special diseases: patients with hematopoietic function to reduce disease, such as leukemia, various anemia, myelodysplastic syndrome, etc., unless the examination is essential, try to draw less blood. Adverse reactions and risks 1, subcutaneous hemorrhage: due to pressing time less than 5 minutes or blood draw technology is not enough, etc. can cause subcutaneous bleeding. 2, discomfort: the puncture site may appear pain, swelling, tenderness, subcutaneous ecchymosis visible to the naked eye. 3, dizzy or fainting: in the blood draw, due to emotional overstress, fear, reflex caused by vagus nerve excitement, blood pressure decreased, etc. caused by insufficient blood supply to the brain caused by fainting or dizziness. 4. Risk of infection: If you use an unclean needle, you may be at risk of infection.