blood typing for infertility

Pregnant women with type O blood, when the husband is type A, type B, or type AB, 75% of the blood type of the fetus may not be O type. When the blood type of the embryo is different from that of the mother, if the antigen is produced, the mother will produce the corresponding antibody, which will cause female infertility. In addition, because these antibodies are small, the placenta will affect the blood circulation of the fetus, causing the red blood cells of the fetus to be broken, or even causing miscarriage. The blood type test for infertility is to determine whether the cause of infertility is caused by a blood type inconsistency. Basic Information Specialist classification: maternity check check classification: blood test Applicable gender: whether women are fasting: fasting Tips: In the morning, blood is collected on an empty stomach. Coffee, tea, high sugar and cola drinks should be fasted. Normal value The husband and wife blood type match. Clinical significance Abnormal result Incompatibility between husband and wife can determine that infertility is caused by blood type. People who need to be checked Female blood type is O type, husband is type A, type B, or patients with unexplained abortion. Precautions 1. Keep your routine and work, don't stay up late. 2, if there is a history of halo, fainting, please inform the blood collection nurse, in order to take preventive measures. 3. Roll the sleeves to 5 cm above the elbow joint before blood collection. 4, inspection requirements: calm state of blood collection, to avoid emotional excitement. Inspection process 1. Physiological saline agglutination method: 1 slide method: simple operation, suitable for a large number of specimens, but the reaction time is long; if the test subject, such as serum antibody titer, is not easy to cause red blood cell agglutination, it is not suitable for reverse typing. 2 test tube method: due to centrifugation can accelerate the agglutination reaction, so the reaction time is short, and by means of centrifugal force, the red blood cells can be tightly contacted, promote agglutination, and is suitable for emergency examination. Erythrocyte subtypes are weakly antigenic, such as anti-A anti-B standard serum titer is low, easy to cause missed detection or mis-determination. Such errors can be avoided by adding O-type (anti-A, B) serum and reverse typing. The agglutination results of the slide method were judged: the red blood cells were evenly distributed, there was no aggregated particles, and the red blood cells were scattered under the microscope. The degree of agglutination under low magnification is judged as: 1 is a piece or clots, and only a few single free red blood cells are (++++). 2 There are several large granular clots, and a few single free red blood cells are (+++). 3 small agglomerated particles and a part of fine agglomerated particles, free red blood cells account for about 1/2 (++). 4 There are numerous fine sand-like agglomerated particles visible to the naked eye. Under the microscope, there are 5 to 8 red blood cells agglutination in each coagulation group (+). 5 It can be seen that several red blood cells are agglutinated together, and there are many free red blood cells (±) around them. 6 There are very few red blood cells agglutinating, and most red blood cells are still distributed in a mixed agglutination appearance. No cell agglutination was observed under 7 microscopy, and red blood cells were evenly distributed as (-). 2. Gel microcolumn method: an immunological method for agglutination reaction of erythrocyte antigen and corresponding antibody in gel microcolumn medium. The blood group antibody is a monoclonal antibody, and the reagent and the specimen are added, and after centrifugation by a special centrifuge, the result can be directly observed with the naked eye or analyzed by a blood type meter. This method is standardized, quantitatively loaded to ensure the accuracy of the results. Anti-A, anti-B and anti-AB standard serum standards The quasi-serum is taken from healthy people and should meet the following conditions: 1 Specificity: only agglutination with the corresponding red blood cell antigen, no non-specific agglutination. 2 potency: China's standard anti-A and anti-B serum titers are above 1:128. 3 Affinity: China's standard requires that anti-A reacts with A1, A2 and A2B to start agglutination for 15s, 30s and 45s respectively; anti-B for B-type red blood cells begins to agglutinate for 15s. When the agglutination intensity is 3 min, the clot is not less than 1 mm 2 . 4 condensed agglutinin titer: below 1:4. 5 sterile. 6 inactivate complement. Not suitable for the crowd 1. Patients who have taken contraceptives, thyroid hormones, steroid hormones, etc., may affect the results of the examination and prohibit patients who have recently taken the drug history. 2, special diseases: patients with hematopoietic function to reduce disease, such as leukemia, various anemia, myelodysplastic syndrome, etc., unless the examination is essential, try to draw less blood. Adverse reactions and risks 1, subcutaneous hemorrhage: due to pressing time less than 5 minutes or blood draw technology is not enough, etc. can cause subcutaneous bleeding. 2, discomfort: the puncture site may appear pain, swelling, tenderness, subcutaneous ecchymosis visible to the naked eye. 3, dizzy or fainting: in the blood draw, due to emotional overstress, fear, reflex caused by vagus nerve excitement, blood pressure decreased, etc. caused by insufficient blood supply to the brain caused by fainting or dizziness. 4. Risk of infection: If you use an unclean needle, you may be at risk of infection.