abnormal red blood cell morphology

Abnormal red blood cell morphology examination is an abnormal form of a variety of mature red blood cells in blood smears, which is of great value for clinical diagnosis. Common red blood cell abnormalities are mainly manifested in the size, shape, and staining of red blood cells, the amount and distribution of hemoglobin, and inclusion. Body and several other aspects. Nucleated red blood cells, i.e., immature red blood cells, are present in the bone marrow, and the appearance of such cells in peripheral blood smears is a pathological phenomenon. Found in proliferative anemia, acute and chronic leukemia and other parts of the cancer metastasized to the bone marrow. People who need to be examined have anemia and hemolytic symptoms. Basic Information Specialist classification: cardiovascular examination classification: blood examination Applicable gender: whether men and women apply fasting: fasting Tips: When you draw blood, you should relax your mind and avoid the contraction of blood vessels caused by fear. Normal value The normal red blood cell size is 6 to 9 μm in diameter and 7.5 μm on average. Normal red blood cells are disc-shaped and a few are oval. Clinical significance Abnormal result First, the red blood cell size changes 1, small red blood cells change diameter <6μm, common in iron deficiency anemia, hereditary spherocytosis. 2, large red blood cells change diameter > 10μm, common in hemolytic anemia, megaloblastic anemia. 3, positive cell anemia is common in chronic blood loss, aplastic anemia, leukemia and so on. Second, red blood cell morphology changes 1, spherical red blood cells are mainly seen in hereditary spherocytosis. 2, oval red blood cells are mainly seen in hereditary elliptic polycythemia. 3, target red blood cells are mainly seen in Mediterranean anemia, iron deficiency anemia can also be seen. 4, oral red blood cells are mainly found in hereditary oral polycythemia, DIC, ethanol poisoning. 5, sickle-shaped red blood cells are mainly seen in sickle cell anemia. 6, red blood cell morphology is not seen in various causes of hemolytic anemia, megaloblastic anemia, DIC can occur. Third, the changes in the internal structure of red blood cells 1, low pigmented red blood cells are found in iron deficiency anemia, some hemoglobin disease. 2, polychromatic erythrocytes indicate that red blood cells are not fully mature, such as a large number of peripheral blood, indicating that the bone marrow hematopoietic function is strong, seen in various proliferative anemia, such as acute massive bleeding, hemolytic anemia, megaloblastic anemia. 3, basophilic color red blood cells dot red blood cells are common in industrial poisoning, lead poisoning. 4, Howell-Jolly body (chromosome body) in the red blood cells appear purple red body, one or more, may be the nuclear residue, found in proliferative anemia, such as hemolytic anemia, megaloblastic anemia. 5, Kabo ring is formed by the deformation of lipoprotein in the cytoplasm, twisted into purple-red, 8-shaped, often coexisting with chromatin bodies. Found in proliferative anemia, such as hemolytic anemia, megaloblastic anemia. 6, nucleated red blood cells, i.e., immature red blood cells, are present in the bone marrow, and the appearance of such cells in the peripheral blood smear is a pathological phenomenon. Found in proliferative anemia, acute and chronic leukemia and other parts of the cancer metastasized to the bone marrow. People who need to be examined have anemia and hemolytic symptoms. Low results may be diseases: leukemia, pediatric renal vein thrombosis results may be high disease: hemolytic anemia, pediatric congenital erythropoiesis abnormal anemia, hereditary elliptic polycythemia, hemoglobin C disease considerations Taboo before the test: Do not eat too greasy, high-protein foods the day before the test, to avoid heavy drinking. The alcohol content in the blood directly affects the test results. After 8 pm on the day before the medical examination, you should fast. Requirements for examination: When taking blood, you should relax your mind to avoid the contraction of blood vessels caused by fear and increase the difficulty of blood collection. Inspection process Vascular blood collection was used for testing. Before venous blood collection, carefully check that the needle is securely installed and that there is air and moisture in the syringe. The needle used should be sharp, smooth, ventilated, and the syringe should not leak. Firstly, the skin was disinfected from the inside to the outside and clockwise from the selected venipuncture with a 30g/L iodine swab. After the iodine was volatilized, the iodized trace was wiped out in the same way with a 75% ethanol swab. Fix the lower end of the venipuncture site with the thumb of the left hand, hold the syringe syringe with the thumb and middle finger of the right hand, and fix the needle lower seat with the index finger, so that the bevel of the needle and the scale of the syringe are upward, and the needle is inclined along the vein to make the needle and the skin obliquely penetrate the skin at an angle of 30°. Then, through the vein wall, enter the venous cavity forward at an angle of 5°. After seeing the blood return, the needle will be probed into the spot to avoid the needle slipping out when the blood is collected, but it is not possible to use a deep puncture to avoid hematoma, and immediately remove the cuff. Needle plug can only be pumped out, can not be pushed in, so as to avoid injecting air into the vein to form a gas plug, causing serious consequences. Remove the syringe needle and slowly inject the blood into the anticoagulation tube along the tube wall to prevent hemolysis and foam. Not suitable for the crowd 1. Patients who have taken contraceptives, thyroid hormones, steroid hormones, etc., may affect the results of the examination and prohibit patients who have recently taken the drug history. 2, special diseases: patients with hematopoietic function to reduce disease, such as leukemia, various anemia, myelodysplastic syndrome, etc., unless the examination is essential, try to draw less blood. Adverse reactions and risks 1, subcutaneous hemorrhage: due to pressing time less than 5 minutes or blood draw technology is not enough, etc. can cause subcutaneous bleeding. 2, discomfort: the puncture site may appear pain, swelling, tenderness, subcutaneous ecchymosis visible to the naked eye. 3, dizzy or fainting: in the blood draw, due to emotional overstress, fear, reflex caused by vagus nerve excitement, blood pressure decreased, etc. caused by insufficient blood supply to the brain caused by fainting or dizziness. 4. Risk of infection: If you use an unclean needle, you may be at risk of infection.