Glucagon

Glucagon is secreted by islet α cells and is a 29-amino acid linear peptide. It is the main antagonist of insulin. Its main target organs are liver and kidney, which can promote liver glycogen decomposition and inhibit liver glycogen synthesis. It promotes gluconeogenesis and decomposition and promotes fat breakdown. Its secretion is mainly regulated by blood sugar, secretion is reduced when hyperglycemia, and secretion is increased when hypoglycemia. Basic Information Specialist classification: growth and development examination classification: blood examination Applicable gender: whether men and women apply fasting: fasting Tips: According to the nutritional status of the whole body, milk, eggs, fruits, soy milk, etc. are given in the meal. Normal value 7 to 24 mU/L. Clinical significance 1. In diabetes, the islet α cell function is defective, the secretory function is relatively strong, and glucagonemia occurs. Some people think that glucagon is a powerful diabetes-causing factor. When insulin is deficient, it is relatively or absolutely secreted, causing hyperglycemia and inducing diabetes. The degree of increase in glucagon is related to the type of diabetes, and the level of serum glucagon in type 1 patients is higher than that of type 2. When the condition of diabetes is controlled and blood sugar is basically normal, the high secretion state of glucagon can be suppressed and even restored to normal levels. Therefore, glucagon can be used as an auxiliary indicator for the observation of the efficacy of diabetes. 2, glucagonoma is a tumor that occurs in the tail of the pancreas, and the majority of malignant. The patient developed glucagonemia and hyperinsulinemia, increased blood sugar, and abnormal glucose tolerance. After tumor resection, serum insulin, glucagon and blood sugar can return to normal levels. 3. In severe liver and kidney disease, due to decreased glucagon uptake and degradation, elevated serum glucagon levels and impaired glucose tolerance may occur. 4, congenital pancreatic absent, pancreatectomy and severe pancreatic disease, due to insufficient islet alpha cells, can cause serum glucagon value decreased. High results may be diseases: glycogen storage disease type II, glycogen storage disease type V, pediatric glycogen storage disease type VI, glycogen storage disease type I, elderly hypoglycemia, glucagonoma , elderly pheochromocytoma crisis, gestational diabetes, hyperprolactinemia, pancreatic ectopic precautions Blood samples were treated with EDTA-Na2 and benzamidine as anticoagulants. After blood collection, the plasma was quickly separated and stored at -20 °C. Inspection process Subjects were venously collected and assayed in time for serum separation. Take the right amount of blood and send it for inspection. Not suitable for the crowd 1. Patients who have taken contraceptives, thyroid hormones, steroid hormones, etc., may affect the results of the examination and prohibit patients who have recently taken the drug history. 2, special diseases: patients with hematopoietic function to reduce disease, such as leukemia, various anemia, myelodysplastic syndrome, etc., unless the examination is essential, try to draw less blood. Adverse reactions and risks 1, subcutaneous hemorrhage: due to pressing time less than 5 minutes or blood draw technology is not enough, etc. can cause subcutaneous bleeding. 2, discomfort: the puncture site may appear pain, swelling, tenderness, subcutaneous ecchymosis visible to the naked eye. 3, dizzy or fainting: in the blood draw, due to emotional overstress, fear, reflex caused by vagus nerve excitement, blood pressure decreased, etc. caused by insufficient blood supply to the brain caused by fainting or dizziness. 4. Risk of infection: If you use an unclean needle, you may be at risk of infection. A variety of diseases can affect the level of serum glucagon.