serum inorganic phosphorus

The human body contains 17 mol (530 g) of phosphorus, 87% of which is present in the bone, and the rest in the soft tissue and in the cells. Many important substances in the body such as certain proteins, lipid compounds, nucleic acids, and coenzymes all contain phosphorus. Phosphate also plays an important role in acid-base balance. Phosphorus symbol P; its atomic weight is 30.97. The phosphate forms H2PO4-, HPO42- have molecular weights of 96.98 and 95.97, respectively. Basic Information Specialist classification: cardiovascular examination classification: biochemical examination Applicable gender: whether men and women apply fasting: not fasting Tips: blood specimens can not be hemolyzed, and serum should be separated as soon as possible after taking blood, so as to avoid the hydrolysis of phosphate in blood cells to increase inorganic phosphorus. Normal value Ferrous ferrous sulfate blue colorimetric method, aminonaphthol sulfonic acid molybdenum blue colorimetric method. The umbilical cord is 1.2 to 2.6 mmol/L (3.7 to 8.1 mg/dl). Children 1.45 ~ 2.10mmol / L (4.5 ~ 6.5mg / dl). Adults are 0.97 to 1.45 mmol/L (3.0 to 4.5 mg/dl). >60 years old male 0.74 ~ 1.2mmol / L (2.3 ~ 3.7mg / dl). Female 0.90 ~ 1.3mmol / L (2.8 ~ 4.1mg / dl). Clinical significance (1) Hyperphosphate 1 Distribution of abnormal severe hemolytic disease, rhabdomyolysis (including renal damage), tumor cell lysis (chemotherapy) to diphosphonate (phosphorus excretion is inhibited), hyperthyroidism (related to phosphorus excretion inhibition and bone resorption). 2 renal excretion decreased renal insufficiency (acute, chronic), hypoparathyroidism, pseudohypoparathyroidism, excess growth hormone. 3 Intravenous administration of acute phosphorus poisoning (when treatment of hypophosphatemia) excessive phosphorus-containing preparations. (2) low blood phosphorus 1 distribution of abnormal respiratory alkalosis (no fermentation) or treatment with glucocorticoids. 2 intestinal absorption reduces diet, vitamin D deficiency, malabsorption syndrome, secondary hyperparathyroidism (loss of kidney), phosphorus binding agent (oral Mg, Ca, Al), adrenal glucocorticoids, vomiting, Gastric fluid attraction (metabolic alkalosis). 3 lost by the kidney A. Renal tubule damage Fanconi syndrome (nephropathy - diabetic diphtheria with hypophosphatemia rickets), kidney transplantation (including secondary hyperparathyroidism, excessive adrenal glucocorticoids) vitamin D resistance, bone Softening, neoplastic osteomalacia (intestinal tube, renal tubular phosphorus transport disorder, abnormal vitamin D metabolism), idiopathic hypercalciuria, urinary tract obstruction, acute tubular necrosis recovery period. B. Metabolic abnormalities and drug PTH excess, diabetes (osmotic diuretic, phosphorus reabsorption and binding), acetazolamide, metabolic alkalosis, metabolic acidosis, respiratory acidosis, excessive glucagon, sugar Excessive corticosteroids, hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, etc. Low results may be diseases: hypertrophic osteoarthrosis, pediatric vitamin D deficiency, hand, foot and sputum, kidney disease, high results may be diseases: giant disease and acromegaly, kidney stones precautions (1) Determination of phosphorus should be selected serum, such as plasma, the content of oxalate per ml of the sample can not be more than 2 ~ 3mg, excessive oxalate can make the phosphorus is not easy to develop color. (2) Blood specimens cannot be hemolyzed, and serum is separated as soon as possible after taking blood to prevent the hydrolysis of phosphate in blood cells to increase inorganic phosphorus. (3) When the trichloroacetic acid-ferrous sulfate solution is added to the serum, the speed is slow, and the protein precipitate is fine particles when mixed with the side. If the protein precipitates in a sheet form, the phosphorus may be encapsulated therein, and the measurement result may be biased. low. (4) Mix well immediately after adding molybdate. Once citrate is combined with molybdate, it no longer binds to phosphorus. (5) Determination of urinary phosphorus is the same as blood phosphorus. It is advisable to mix acidic urine for 24 hours (alkaline urinary phosphate will precipitate and precipitate, so acid preservation should be added), and it should be determined after diluting about 100 times. Inspection process Take 0.2 ml of serum, add 4.8 ml of trichloroacetic acid-ferrous sulfate solution, mix well, place for 10 min, and centrifuge to precipitate. The inorganic phosphorus standard is also treated in the same way. Mix, place for 15 min, use a wavelength of 640 nm or red filter, light path 1.0 cm colorimetric, correct the absorbance to 0 point with a blank tube, and read the absorbance of each tube. Not suitable for the crowd 1. Patients who have taken contraceptives, thyroid hormones, steroid hormones, etc., may affect the results of the examination and prohibit patients who have recently taken the drug history. 2, special diseases: patients with hematopoietic function to reduce disease, such as leukemia, various anemia, myelodysplastic syndrome, etc., unless the examination is essential, try to draw less blood. Adverse reactions and risks 1, subcutaneous hemorrhage: due to pressing time less than 5 minutes or blood draw technology is not enough, etc. can cause subcutaneous bleeding. 2, discomfort: the puncture site may appear pain, swelling, tenderness, subcutaneous ecchymosis visible to the naked eye. 3, dizzy or fainting: in the blood draw, due to emotional overstress, fear, reflex caused by vagus nerve excitement, blood pressure decreased, etc. caused by insufficient blood supply to the brain caused by fainting or dizziness. 4. Risk of infection: If you use an unclean needle, you may be at risk of infection.