blood routine

Blood testing is the detection and analysis of the quantity and quality of the three components of blood in the formation of red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets. These three systems and blood make up the blood, the blood keeps flowing in the human body's circulatory system, participates in the body's metabolism and every functional activity, so the blood ensures the body's metabolism, function regulation and the balance of the human body's internal and external environment. makes an important impact. Any pathological changes in the formation of blood will affect the tissues and organs of the whole body; conversely, the lesions of tissues or organs can cause changes in blood components, so hematological analysis and results can greatly help to understand the severity of the disease. . Most hospitals use automated blood analyzers for routine blood tests (currently called hematology analysis). With only 0.1 ml (about two drops of blood) anticoagulation per test, it takes 30 seconds or 1 minute to detect and print more than 20 results. Basic Information Specialist classification: growth and development examination classification: blood examination Applicable gender: whether men and women apply fasting: fasting Included items: neutrophil ratio (NEUT%), lymphocyte ratio (LY%), neutrophil count (NEUT), mean platelet volume (MPV), platelet count (PLT), platelet volume distribution width (PDW) , hematocrit (HCT), hemoglobin, eosinophil count (E), basophils, mean erythrocyte hemoglobin (MCH), lymphocyte count (LY), mean erythrocyte hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), mean Red blood cell volume (MCV), red blood cell count (RBC), red blood cell distribution width (RDW), red blood cell deformability, red blood cell deformability, mononuclear cell count (MONO) Tips: Do not eat too greasy, high protein food the day before the blood draw, Avoid heavy drinking. Normal value 1, red blood cell (RBC): male is 4.0X10^12~5.5X10^12/L, female is 3.5X10^12~5.OX10^12/L. 2, hemoglobin (HGB or Hb): male 120 ~ 160g / L, female 110 ~ 150g / L. 3, hematocrit (HCT. Hct, also known as hematocrit, PCV): male 0.42-0.49L / L (42% ~ 49%), female 0.37 ~ 0, 43L / L (37% ~ 43%). 4. Red blood cell mean volume (MCV): 80-100 fL. 5. Average red blood cell hemoglobin content (MCH): 27-33 pg. 6. Average red blood cell hemoglobin concentration (MCHC): 320-360 g/L. 7, the average diameter of red blood cells (MCD): 6-9um (average 7.2um). 8. Red blood cell volume distribution width (RDW): 11.5% to 14.5%. Clinical significance Red blood cell count (RBC) (unit: 10^12/L) Greater than normal, polycythemia vera, severe dehydration, pulmonary heart disease, congenital heart disease, residents of high mountain areas, severe burns, shock, etc.; less than normal, anemia, bleeding. Hematocrit (HCT) (unit: %) Greater than normal, polycythemia vera; blood concentration caused by various reasons such as dehydration, extensive burns, reference value of fluid replacement; less than normal, anemia, bleeding. Average red blood cell volume (MCV) (unit: fL) Greater than normal, dystrophic megaloblastic anemia, alcoholic cirrhosis, extra-pancreatic insufficiency, acquired hemolytic anemia, hemorrhagic anemia, hypothyroidism; less than normal, small cell hypochromic anemia, whole body Sexual hemolytic anemia. Red blood cell distribution width (unit: %) Greater than normal, for the diagnosis and efficacy observation of iron deficiency anemia, differential diagnosis of small cell hypochromic anemia, classification of anemia; less than normal, more tidy than normal human red blood cells, clinical significance is not significant. Low results may be diseases: pediatric leukemia, pediatric autoimmune hemolytic anemia, chronic disease anemia, pediatric megaloblastic anemia, pediatric leukemia response, bacterial skin disease, nasal cancer, neonatal sepsis results may be high disease : Children with secondary thrombocytosis, hemoglobin M disease, hepatobiliary dampness, elderly patients with essential thrombocytosis First, the precautions before blood draw 1, do not eat too greasy, high-protein food the day before the blood, to avoid heavy drinking. The alcohol content in the blood directly affects the test results. 2. After 8 pm on the day before the physical examination, fasting should be done to avoid affecting the detection of indicators such as blood glucose in the second sky. 3, should relax when taking blood, to avoid the contraction of blood vessels caused by fear, increase the difficulty of blood collection. 4, there is a history of fainting, please explain in advance. Second, should pay attention after blood draw 1. After blood is drawn, local compression is required at the pinhole for 3-5 minutes to stop bleeding. Note: Do not rub, so as not to cause subcutaneous hematoma. 2, the pressing time should be sufficient. There is a difference in clotting time for each person, and some people need a little longer to clotting. Therefore, when the surface of the skin appears to be bleeding, the compression is stopped immediately, and the blood may be infiltrated into the skin due to incomplete hemostasis. Therefore, the compression time is longer to completely stop bleeding. If there is a tendency to bleed, the compression time should be extended. 3, after the blood draw symptoms of fainting such as: dizziness, vertigo, fatigue, etc. should immediately lie down, drink a small amount of syrup, and then undergo a physical examination after the symptoms are relieved. 4. If there is localized congestion, use a warm towel after 24 hours to promote absorption. Inspection process Most of the venous blood collection is in the superficial veins of the body surface, usually using the elbow vein, the dorsal hand vein, the internal iliac vein or the femoral vein. The anterior elbow vein is the preferred blood collection site for most people (except infants and young children). Here, the blood vessels are generally obvious, the pain is light, and the operation is convenient and easy. Children can take blood from the external jugular vein. Second, choose the femoral vein. 【method】 1. Prepare the use of the object, label the specimen container, and explain it to the patient after verification. The patient's arm is exposed, the vein is selected, and the tourniquet is tightened about 4 to 6 cm above the venipuncture site, and the patient is clenched with a fist to expose the vein. 2, routine disinfection of the skin, to be dried. 3. Under the puncture site, tighten the skin with the left thumb and fix the vein. Hold the syringe with the right hand. The needle is inclined upwards and 15 degrees to 30 degrees to the skin. Puncture the skin on the vein or side, and then sneak into the vein. Venous, see the blood return to the needle slightly flat, slightly fixed before moving, draw blood to the required amount, relax the tourniquet, sputum patient loose fist, dry cotton swab press the puncture point, quickly pull out the needle, and flex the patient's forearm Compressed for a while. 4. Remove the needle and slowly inject the blood into the container along the tube wall. Do not inject the foam to avoid hemolysis. When the glass beads are placed in the container, they should be shaken rapidly to remove fibrinogen. If it is an anti-coagulation test tube, it should be rotated in both hands to prevent coagulation. If it is a dry test tube, it should not be shaken; if it is a liquid medium, mix the blood with the culture solution, and sterilize the bottle mouth with flame before and after the blood is injected into the culture bottle, taking care not to make the stopper contact the blood. The amount of blood drawn is determined by the difference in the content of the test and the number of items, usually around 5ml. Not suitable for the crowd A patient with hemophilia and severe clotting factor deficiency. Adverse reactions and risks Dizziness or fainting: When blood is drawn, due to emotional overstress, fear, reflex caused by vagus nerve excitability, blood pressure drop, etc., the blood supply to the brain is insufficient to cause fainting or dizziness.