white blood cell count

When the blood is centrifuged, the surface is grayish white, and this part of the cells is called white blood cells. It is a group of heterogeneous mixed cells with different morphology, function and development and differentiation stages. It is divided into granulocytes, lymphocytes and monocytes according to morphology, function and source. Only the white blood cell count to determine the clinical significance has certain limitations, it should be combined with white blood cell classification and counting to analyze the condition, which is more accurate. Basic Information Specialist classification: growth and development examination classification: blood examination Applicable gender: whether men and women apply fasting: fasting Analysis results: Below normal: Certain infectious diseases, blood diseases, etc. can be seen to decrease. Normal value: White blood cell count: 4000-10000mm3 Above normal: Above normal, it is easy to cause acute suppurative infection. negative: Positive: Reminder: All the counting plates and the operation of the counting plate must be purchased with reliable quality products. If necessary, they should be calibrated by themselves, and the operation should have quality control. Normal value Blood cell automatic counter, microscopic counting method: Adult (4.0 to 10.0) × 109 / L (4000 ~ 10000 / mm3). Newborn (15.0 ~ 20.0) × 109 / L (15000 ~ 20000 / mm3). Infant (15.0 to 20.0) × 109 / L. Children (5.0 to 12.0) × 109 / L. Clinical significance (1) increase Acute suppurative infection (abscess, meningitis, pneumonia, appendicitis, tonsillitis, etc.), certain viral infections (infectious mononucleosis, epidemic encephalitis B), leukemia, leukemia-like reactions, diabetic ketoacid Poisoning, severe burns, acute massive hemorrhage, malignant tumors and certain metals (such as lead, mercury, etc.) poisoning. Physiological increase is seen in newborns, menstrual periods, childbirth, mood changes and after injection of adrenaline. (2) reduction Some infectious diseases (typhoid fever, paratyphoid fever, kala-azar, malaria, viral hepatitis, Salmonella infection, etc.), certain blood diseases (aplastic anemia, non-white blood or white blood leukemia), autoimmune diseases ( Such as systemic lupus erythematosus, etc., splenomegaly, splenomegaly caused by various causes (such as portal cirrhosis, Banti syndrome, etc.), agranulocytosis, malignant histiocytosis, paroxysmal sleep Hemoglobinuria, chronic physical and chemical damage, ionizing radiation (such as X-ray, etc.), tumor chemotherapy and certain drugs (sulfonamide, chloramphenicol) reaction. High results may be diseases: secondary leukemia, central nervous system leukemia, adenovirus pneumonia, malaria, adenovirus infection, pediatric sputum nucleotide phosphorylase deficiency, pregnancy with leukemia, cytomegalovirus disease, pediatric adult chronic granule Cellular leukemia, pediatric infectious mononucleosis The increase or decrease of white blood cell count involves many diseases, and is susceptible to physiological factors and external environment. Therefore, the accuracy and precision of counting are very important. In recent years, counters have become more and more popular in China, but the manual method is still the most basic method for proofreading instruments. The most important measure to increase the accuracy of the counter is to increase the count. The white blood cells are distributed in the counting pool, and the standard deviation is determined by the cell count (m). The International Committee for Standardization of Hematology (ICSH) stipulates that 100 cells are counted and then converted according to the number of chambers. For this reason, the white blood cell count is low, and the count amount should be appropriately increased to improve the precision. The counting board mainly uses the improved bovine abalone counting board, which is made of a thick glass. The center is divided into two planes, each with 9 large squares. Each square has a length and width of 1mm2, and the total area is 9mm2. The large square is divided into 16 squares for counting white blood cells. The large square in the center is divided into 25 medium grids, each of which is divided into 16 small squares, totaling 400 small squares for counting red blood cells. There is a bank on each side of the two scribing planes, 0.1mm above the central plane, covering the flat and smooth cover glass on the embankment, forming a certain space with the underlying scribing plane, called the calculation room, each large The volume of the square is 1 mm × 0.1 mm × 1 mm = 0.1 mm 3 . According to the National Bureau of Standards (NBS), the length error of each square is ±1%, the height of the counting chamber is ±2%, the flatness of the coverslip is within 0.002mm, the thickness is 0.4-0.7mm, and the size is 24mm× 20mm × 0.6mm. Inspection process (1) Take 1 small tube and add 0.38 ml of leukocyte dilution. (2) Accurately absorb 20 μl of peripheral blood with a hemoglobin pipette. (3) Wipe off the external blood of the tube tip, insert the straw into the bottom of the tube containing 0.38 ml of the diluted solution, gently blow out the blood, and pipette the supernatant for 3 times. Note that the diluent cannot be mixed every time, and finally the hand is used. Shake the tube and mix. (4) Fill the liquid, wipe the counting pool and the cover glass, cover the cover glass on the counting pool, then quickly absorb the mixed suspension into the counting pool with a micropipette, and let it stand for 2 to 3 minutes and then check it. (5) Count the total number of white blood cells in the four large squares of the four corners with a low power microscope. For white blood cells of the pressure line, the principle of counting the number of counts and counting the number of left and right should be adopted to ensure the consistency and accuracy of the counting results in the counting area. Not suitable for the crowd Generally no taboos. Adverse reactions and risks 1. Infection: Pay attention to aseptic operation when collecting blood, avoid contamination of water and other parts at the blood collection site to avoid local infection. 2, bleeding: after the blood is given a full compression time, especially coagulopathy, bleeding tendency, to avoid local subcutaneous oozing, bruising and swelling.