Serum total protein (TP, TP0)

Serum total protein is the most abundant substance in serum solids and can be divided into albumin and globulin. It has many functions such as maintaining the normal colloid osmotic pressure and pH in the blood vessels, transporting various metabolites, and regulating the physiological effects of the transported substances, and has a close relationship with the immune function of the body. Serum total protein levels primarily reflect liver synthesis and protein loss caused by kidney disease. Total protein testing can indirectly understand the nutritional status of the body and assist in the diagnosis of certain diseases. Serum total protein was measured by venous blood, which was determined by diuret colorimetry. It is the first recommended protein quantification method. The principle of this method is that the peptide bond in the protein molecule reacts with divalent copper ions (Cu2+) under alkaline conditions to form a blue-violet compound. The intensity of this color reaction is proportional to the protein content in a certain concentration range. The protein content can be determined by comparing the processed protein standards. The advantage of this reaction is that the reactivity of the clear and spherical eggs is similar, the operation is simple, the repeatability is good, and the interference substances are few, which is the preferred conventional method, and the disadvantage is that the sensitivity is low. Basic Information Specialist classification: Digestive examination classification: biochemical examination Applicable gender: whether men and women apply fasting: fasting Analysis results: Below normal: Reduced serum total protein concentration: a synthetic disorder, mainly liver dysfunction. Normal value: Adult: 60-80g/L Premature infant: 36-60g/L Newborn: 46-70g/L Above normal: Increased serum total protein levels: Most occur in patients with multiple myeloma. negative: Positive: Tips: The use of corticosteroids, corticosteroids, androgens, auxins, insulin, etc. can increase the total protein; the use of anti-epileptic drugs, pyrazinamide, rifampicin, contraceptives and other drugs can make the results lower. Normal value Adult 60 ~ 80g / L. Premature infants 36 ~ 60g / L. Newborns 46 ~ 70g / L. Note Each laboratory has different detection methods and different normal values. Serum total protein physiological fluctuations. Straight steric position due to the distribution of body fluids, the blood is relatively concentrated, while the long-term bedridden blood is thinner than the stereo position. Therefore, serum total protein in long-term bedridden patients is about 3 to 5 g/L lower than that in erect activity. Neonatal serum total protein can be 5-8g/L lower than that of adults. Older people over the age of 60 are about 2g/L lower than adults. Clinical significance (1) Increased serum total protein concentration: 1 The water in the serum is reduced, and the total protein concentration is relatively increased. When the body's water discharge is greater than the water intake, it can cause plasma concentration, especially when the acute water loss (such as vomiting, diarrhea, high fever, etc.) changes more significantly, the serum total protein concentration can sometimes reach 100 ~ 150g / L. At shock, plasma can also be concentrated due to changes in capillary permeability. In patients with chronic adrenal insufficiency, secondary water loss occurs due to loss of sodium, and plasma can also be concentrated. 2 serum protein synthesis increased, most of them occurred in patients with multiple myeloma, at this time mainly globulin increased, the amount can exceed 50g / L, the total protein can exceed 100g / L. (2) Reduced serum total protein concentration: 1 synthetic disorders, mainly liver dysfunction. The liver is the only place to synthesize proteins. When liver function is severely impaired, protein synthesis is reduced, and albumin decline is most pronounced. 2 protein loss, such as severe burns, a large amount of plasma exudation; large bleeding, large blood loss; nephrotic syndrome, long-term loss of protein in the urine; ulcerative colitis can lose a certain amount of protein from the feces for a long time, these Both can reduce serum total protein concentration. 3 malnutrition or long-term wasting disease. Such as severe tuberculosis or malignant tumors. Note (1) The content of serum protein is generally expressed by g/L, and since various proteins have different molecular weights, they cannot be expressed by mol/L. (2) Phenolphthalein and sulfonamide sodium are colored in an alkaline solution, which affects the results of the determination of biuret. Dextran can cause the turbidity of the measuring tube to affect the result. In theory, these interferences can be eliminated by the corresponding blank tube, but If the absorbance of the specimen blank tube is too high, it can affect the accuracy of the result. (3) The serum containing a lot of lipids is turbid after coloring, and can be colorimetrically extracted with 3 ml of diethyl ether. Low results may be diseases: multiple myeloma, fulminant liver failure results may be high disease: multiple myeloma nephropathy, multiple myeloma in the elderly, hepatitis double infection precautions 1. The use of corticosteroids, corticosteroids, androgens, auxins, insulin, etc. can increase the total protein; the use of anti-epileptic drugs, pyrazinamide, rifampicin, contraceptives and other drugs can make the results lower. 2. The following conditions can increase the measurement results: the use of a tourniquet is too long; the blood is taken up after several hours of erection; the specimen is not properly preserved. 3. The following conditions can reduce the measurement results: long-term bed rest; a large number of infusions. 4. The following conditions can cause a false increase in the measurement results: low molecular weight dextran, high lipid blood samples are used. Inspection process See Table 1 for the method of operation. Mix and set at 25 ° C for 30 min (or 37 ° C for 10 min) with a wavelength of 540 nm. Zero the blank tube and read the absorbance of each tube. Hyperlipidemia, hyperbilirubinemia and hemolysis specimens should be used as "sample blank tube"; that is, take 0.1ml of serum and 5ml of biuret blank reagent to determine the absorbance of the tube minus the absorbance of the blank tube of the specimen. Standard absorbance. Not suitable for the crowd Special diseases: Patients with hematopoietic dysfunction, such as leukemia, various anemia, myelodysplastic syndrome, etc., unless the examination is essential, try to draw less blood. Adverse reactions and risks The risk of infection.