vaginal discharge cytology

The female reproductive organs consist of the vulva, vagina, uterus, fallopian tubes and ovaries, which are covered by squamous epithelial cells and columnar epithelial cells. Cytological examination of vaginal secretions is mainly used for the screening of female reproductive system malignancies. Specimen collection method is to use the cervical scraping method, vaginal sputum suction method or cervical lumen suction method to collect specimens, special staining after smear, and then microscopic examination. Basic Information Specialist classification: gynecological examination classification: vaginal secretion examination Applicable gender: whether women are fasting: not fasting Tips: Expose the cervix with a vaginal speculum. Normal value No tumor cells were found. Clinical significance Find tumor cells, which are described as malignant tumors, such as cervical cancer, ovarian cancer, vaginal cancer and uterine cancer. Vaginal cancer and cervical cancer are more common in squamous cell carcinoma. Ovarian cancer and uterine cancer are mainly adenocarcinoma. Precautions (1) In addition to finding tumor cells, it should be tested simultaneously with cytology. Cytological diagnosis is usually divided into five levels: level 1 represents normal cell morphology; level 2 represents cells with mild to moderate nuclear heterogeneous morphology, but is benign; grade 3 represents cancer cells; grade 4 represents cancer Cells, but the morphology is not typical; grade 5 represents typical cancer cells. (2) If the examination report is cytology level 4, the patient should have a biopsy; the report is cytology level 3, indicating that the patient should be followed up for review. Inspection process (1) Cervical scraping: mainly used for the diagnosis of cervical inflammation and tumor, operation method: 1 expose the cervix with a vaginal speculum. 2 Wipe the secretions from the surface of the cervix with a dry cotton ball. 3 Wipe the scraper at the junction of the squamous epithelium and columnar epithelium of the external cervix for 1 week, and then smear for examination. When wiping, the force is too strong, otherwise it will cause bleeding; it should not be too light, so as to avoid misdiagnosis due to too little cell composition. 4 After taking the material, apply it on the glass slide, 4~6 sheets. The smear should be thin and uniform, and the force should not be too heavy to prevent the cells from being deformed. Note: Before the patient scrapes the film, it is necessary to disable the external use of the vagina and hormone drugs to prevent the change of cell morphology, which makes the diagnosis difficult. (2) vaginal sputum aspiration method: epithelial cells or cancer cells that are detached from various parts of the genital tract can be collected in the vagina, so this is a common part of collecting cells. However, the components absorbed by the sputum are often less than the squeegee, and there are different degrees of degeneration and degeneration, and there are many inflammatory cells, which brings certain difficulties to the diagnosis. The rubber balls of the glass tube are pinched during collection. Exclude the gas, insert it from the vaginal opening into the posterior iliac crest, gently move it from side to side, and then move it while sucking. Then the pipette is taken to the specimen and applied on the slide. The application should be uniform and should not be too thick. (3) uterine lumen suction method: for the diagnosis of endometrial cancer and endometrial tumors. If you are examining cervical cancer, you only need to insert the pipette taking the specimen into the inner mouth of the cervical canal. If you check the uterine cavity, you must first use the uterine probe to measure the position and depth of the uterine cavity, then insert the straw into the bottom of the uterine cavity, then slowly suck and retreat. After sucking out the specimen, evenly smear the specimen. Not suitable for the crowd Pregnant women. Adverse reactions and risks May cause vaginal infections.