fiberoptic gastroscopy

The fiber gastroscope has a soft body and is easy to operate. The patient has less pain, is safer, has wide indications, and has no blind spots. A fiberscope is a gastroscope made of a light-guided glass fiber bundle that is inserted from the mouth into the stomach through the esophagus. For the diagnosis and review of various diseases of the stomach and certain esophageal diseases, such as esophagitis, ulcers, tumors, varicose veins, etc., such as intragastric foreign body clamping, electrocoagulation hemostasis, polypectomy and laser treatment Cardiac and esophageal malignancies. Basic Information Specialist classification: Digestive examination classification: endoscope Applicable gender: whether men and women apply fasting: fasting Tips: For patients with hypertension, coronary heart disease, and arrhythmia, blood pressure should be measured before surgery and ECG should be performed. If contraindications are found, they should be suspended. Normal value The normal esophageal mucosa is light red, light yellow or yellowish white, dull. Normal esophageal mucosa has a relatively obvious capillary network. In the junction of the esophagus and the stomach, the pale red esophageal mucosa and the orange-red gastric mucosa have a clear dividing line, and the two are interlaced to form a tooth-like shape. Clinical significance (1) Esophagitis: Esophagitis is generally classified into mild, moderate, and severe types under endoscopy. (2) esophageal ulcer: erosion refers to epithelial tissue defects in the esophageal mucosa. If the lesion reaches the submucosa and the muscularis propria, it is called ulcer. (3) esophageal varices: more common in cirrhosis caused by portal hypertension. Rarely seen in the tumor compression of the superior vena cava. Esophageal varices are blue or cyan under the endoscope, and the shape is serpentine or hemispherical, distributed along the long axis of the esophagus. (4) Esophageal cancer: Esophageal cancer is the most common esophageal disease. It accounts for about 49.3% of endoscopic diagnosis of esophageal diseases. (5) Gastric ulcer: gastric ulcer and its different stages of healing, there are considerable variations in the performance under gastroscope. The basic form of gastric ulcer is characterized by mucosal defects, white moss on the bottom of the ulcer, inflammatory reaction such as edema and congestion at the edge, and mucosal folds that are concentrated in the ulcer. (6) Gastric cancer: Gastroscopic examination has a great significance for the diagnosis of gastric cancer. On the one hand, it can detect early gastric cancer, and at the same time identify benign and malignant ulcers. It can also determine the type of gastric cancer and can track precancerous lesions. (7) duodenitis: visible endoscopic mucosal congestion, edema, rough, spotted hemorrhage, stasis or ecchymosis, spotted or patchy erosion, visible blood vessels in the mucosa or thick wrinkles and Nodule. (8) Duodenal ulcer: Gastroscope has great value in the diagnosis and therapeutic effect of duodenal ulcer. High results may be diseases: pyloric obstruction, duodenal ulcer, achalasia in children, gastritis, gastric bleeding, esophagitis, Barrett's syndrome, chronic non-atrophic gastritis, duodenogastric reflux and bile antibiotic Flow gastritis, gallstones and stones 1. Before the examination, the patient should be at least 6 hours on an empty stomach. In the morning, the examiner will fast and have no breakfast (including water forbidden) after dinner. 2. For patients with hypertension, coronary heart disease, and arrhythmia, blood pressure should be measured before surgery and ECG examination should be performed. If contraindications are found, the examination should be suspended. 3, patients with severe pyloric obstruction should eat liquid diet 2-3 days before surgery, adequate gastric lavage before examination. 4. Patients who have undergone upper digestive tract tincture examination should undergo endoscopy after 2-3 days. 5. The patient is prohibited from smoking before the examination. Inspection process 1. Local anesthesia: 1% to 2% tetracaine or 4% lidocaine for pharyngeal spray anesthesia, 3 to 5 minutes, 1 time, a total of 3 times. Alternatively, the above agent may be contained in the base of the tongue and swallowed after 2 to 3 minutes. 2. The left side of the child is lying, loosening the collar and the belt. Under the head cushion and then lean back, relax and breathe evenly. Place a curved plate under the mouth. 3. Put the tooth cushion on the flexible tube, apply the objective lens with the lens cleaner, make the bending part free, and turn on the light source. 4. The surgeon holds the gastroscope on the right, inserts it from the mouth, and the child does not bite the gastroscope. When the pharynx is swallowed, the patient swallows it. At the same time, the surgeon sends it slightly and inserts the end of the mirror into the upper part of the esophagus. Grit the teeth pad. 5. Observe while walking into the mirror. After passing the door, first find the stomach angle, then find the pylorus, and finally enter the duodenum. During the examination, the operator gently presses the finger on the gas-liquid button to automatically inflate the stomach and stretch the stomach wall. Adjust the refraction and illumination of the eyepiece until the image is clear. If you have gastric juice, you can press the suction button to suck out the liquid. 6. While looking at the mirror, observe the descending part of the duodenum, the ball, the pylorus, the antrum, the stomach horn, the stomach, the fundus and the cardia. According to the position, rotate the left and right and up and down angle buttons to observe in a comprehensive, detailed and repeated manner. 7. Take a picture of a suspicious part, organize a biopsy or take a cytological examination of the specimen. 8. Remove the gastroscope and dental pad. Not suitable for the crowd 1. Acute upper respiratory tract inflammation. 2. Severe esophageal varices. 3. Esophageal stricture or cardiac obstruction. 4. Active hepatitis, active tuberculosis. 5. Physical deterioration, or severe heart disease. Adverse reactions and risks Occasionally, blood, pharyngeal hematoma, misdiagnosed trachea, perforation, aspiration pneumonia and other complications can be produced.