fiberoptic colonoscopy

Fiberoptic colonoscopy is mainly for large intestine examination, and partial colonoscopy can also be performed for partial ileal examination. Its structure and performance are basically the same as those of the gastroscope. Basic Information Specialist classification: Digestive examination classification: endoscope Applicable gender: whether men and women apply fasting: fasting Tips: Check liver function, hepatitis B surface antigen, so that patients with hepatitis B surface antigen positive and negative use different mirrors. Normal value Indications: unexplained blood in the stool; unexplained chronic diarrhea or long-term constipation; abdominal mass, especially in the lower abdomen, need to be further diagnosed; X-ray barium enema is suspected of colonic lesions; colon, rectal surgery Diagnosis and examination; need to undergo colonoscopy (such as polypectomy) weight loss, anemia. Clinical significance Colonoscopy can observe small changes in the mucosa of the large intestine, such as cancer, polyps, ulcers, erosion, hemorrhage, pigmentation, congestion, edema, etc. If necessary, biopsy pathological examination of the feasible lesions, the nature of mucosal lesions Histological characterization, such as the degree of inflammation, the degree of differentiation of cancer, etc., is conducive to understanding the severity of the lesion, guiding the development of a correct treatment plan or judging the treatment effect. Endoscopic minimally invasive treatment of some diseases or lesions of the colon such as polyps, early cancer, hemorrhage, and foreign bodies can be performed by electronic colonoscopy. It is of great significance for the prevention and early detection of colon cancer, and it is the most effective clinical method for the diagnosis of colorectal cancer. High results may be diseases: colitis, neoplastic polyps, gastrointestinal tract foreign body and foreign body intestinal obstruction, pediatric gastrointestinal bleeding, pediatric lymphoid polyps, intra-abdominal amebiasis, cecal amoebic granuloma, sigmoid colon Cancer, pediatric pseudomembranous colitis, intestinal cancer precautions First, pay attention before inspection: 1, diet: 3 days before the colonoscopy should eat no slag or less slag food, the first day can only eat liquid food, check the day early, Chinese food are fasting. 2, clean the intestines: full intestinal cleansing before electronic colonoscopy to reduce the difficulty of inspection and ensure the accuracy of the inspection. At present, the commonly used and safer method of intestinal cleansing is the intestinal cleansing effect achieved by oral polyethylene glycol electrolyte powder, which meets the needs of colonoscopy. 20% mannitol can also be used to clean the intestines. Generally, after taking the above-mentioned intestinal cleansing agent at around 7:00 am, the rapid drinking water is 1500-2000ml, and the stool is in the form of clear water. Do not choose mannitol as a bowel preparation for patients who are scheduled for colonoscopy. In addition, if the patient has a history of constipation, it is necessary to keep the stool smooth for several days in advance, and appropriately increase the dose of the polyethylene glycol electrolyte powder. 3. In the process of intestinal preparation, mild abdominal distension, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting and other adverse reactions may occur, and more can be relieved by itself. If there is severe abdominal cramps, severe abdominal distension, anus without exhaust and defecation, the symptoms should be immediately terminated. And go to the hospital in time. 4. Sign the informed consent before surgery, tell the patient the purpose of colonoscopy, possible discomfort, risk, etc., so that patients can be mentally prepared. 5. Drugs: Some patients may be given diazepam or scopolamine to reduce discomfort during operation. Second, pay attention after inspection: 1. For patients undergoing biopsy or polypectomy under colonoscopy, it is necessary to pay attention to the color change of stool and observe the symptoms such as abdominal pain and blood in the stool. 2. During the colonoscopy, gas is continuously injected to facilitate the observation of the intestinal mucosa. After the air accumulates in the large intestine, the patient may feel bloating discomfort, which usually disappears after a few hours. In recent years, carbon dioxide has been used as a gas for colonoscopy, and the symptoms of bloating have been significantly alleviated. 3. After colonoscopy or microscopic treatment, persistent abdominal pain, or a large amount of bleeding in the stool, should be promptly informed to the physician, if necessary, further treatment. Inspection process 1. Position: The patient has a left lateral position and knee flexion. During the examination, the abdomen can be relaxed by slow deep breathing. 2. After applying local anesthesia and lubricant to the anus, perform anal finger examination to understand the anus and end of the rectum before inserting the enteroscopy into the anus. The digestive endoscopic doctor gradually delivers the electronic enteroscopy to the cecum through repeated manipulations of endoscopic rotation, straightening, shortening, inflation and inhalation, and strives to enter the end of the small intestine, and then slowly in the process of retracting the intestines. The section is carefully observed. 3. Colonoscopy During the insertion of the patient, the patient may have discomfort such as abdominal distension and pulling pain, and most of them may be tolerated. The difficulty of examination depends on the physical condition of the subject (such as bowel curvature and relaxation, history of abdominal surgery, adhesion to the body), physical and psychological tolerance, and enteroscopy technique of the digestive endoscopy doctor. Level. 4. The entire inspection process takes about 20-30 minutes. Not suitable for the crowd Contraindications: 1. The rectal region of the anal canal is narrow and the colonoscope cannot be inserted. 2. Patients with symptoms of peritoneal irritation, such as suspected peritonitis, intestinal perforation, etc. 3. Acute inflammatory lesions around the rectum, anal canal, or anus or painful lesions, such as active bacillary dysentery, anal fissure, perianal abscess, etc. 4. Women's menstrual period should not be checked, and should be done carefully during pregnancy. 5. Old and old, with severe heart and cerebrovascular disease, can not tolerate the examination. 6. Intestinal fistula or extensive abdominal adhesions, advanced cancer with extensive intra-abdominal metastasis. 7. Psychiatric patients and those who cannot cooperate with the examiner. Adverse reactions and risks There may be abdominal pain, bloating, blood in the stool, etc.