MRI of the spine

Spinal MRI is a diagnostic accuracy for spinal and spinal cord disease. MRI is significantly higher than CT. The pathogen display and positioning are accurate and can be used as the preferred method of examination. If included in pathology, the order of decreasing brightness on T1-weighted imaging is fat, bone marrow, 4 to 5 days of old bleeding, protein-rich fluid (such as necrotic tissue), mucus, melanin, slow blood flow. (such as venous blood) free radicals, GDDTPA (for MRI enhancers. The order of decreasing brightness in T2-weighted imaging is tumor, Gliosis, edema, 1-week old bleeding, fluid, intervertebral disc. At T1 and T2 Those with a dark (low) signal on the weighted imaging are air, rapid blood flow (such as arterial blood), calcium, iron, blood within a few days, ligaments, tendons, and other magnetically sensitive substances. Basic Information Specialist classification: growth and development check classification: nuclear magnetic resonance Applicable gender: whether men and women apply fasting: fasting Tips: Patients with cardiac pacemakers are prohibited from performing MRI. Normal value The MRJ manifestations of normal spine are fat, nucleus pulposus, bone marrow, cancellous bone, spinal cord, muscle, cerebrospinal fluid, annulus fibrosus, ligament and cortical bone in descending order of signal intensity. With the spin echo sequence (spinechosequence), the spinal cord, bone marrow, and cancellous bone were clearly imaged at T1, while the ligament, subarachnoid space, and intervertebral disc were clearly imaged in T2. If included in pathology, the order of decreasing brightness on T1-weighted imaging is fat, bone marrow, 4 to 5 days of old bleeding, protein-rich fluid (such as necrotic tissue), mucus, melanin, slow blood flow. (such as venous blood) free radicals, GDDTPA (for MRI enhancers; the order of decreasing brightness in T2-weighted imaging is tumor, Gliosis, edema, 1-week old bleeding, fluid, intervertebral disc. At T1 and T2 Those with a dark (low) signal on the weighted imaging are air, rapid blood flow (such as arterial blood), calcium, iron, blood within a few days, ligaments, tendons, and other magnetically sensitive substances. Clinical significance Abnormal results: MRI can accurately evaluate the spine and various pathological conditions. T1-weighted imaging is suitable for evaluating intramedullary lesions, spinal cord cysts, and bone destruction lesions, while T2-weighted imaging is used to evaluate bone and lip hyperplasia, disc degeneration and acute spinal cord injury. Bone structure changes such as primary bone tumors, tumor-like diseases, metastases, and infections have special manifestations in MRI. Normal cancellous bone masses show high density in T1-weighted imaging. In contrast, vertebral cavernous hemangioma or sponge vessels Endothelial cell tumor. In both T1 and T2 weighted imaging, there is a bright signal. The high signal in T1 is related to the fat, and because of the water content, T is also a high signal. For cystic metastases at T, weighted imaging usually appears as a bright signal, whereas T. Weighted imaging is a dark signal. A blastic metastatic lesion, such as a prostate metastasis, is low-signaled in T1-weighted imaging and is identical to cortical bone. The metastatic tumor, like the new fat-free organism, has a low signal in T1-weighted imaging and a high signal in T2. MRI can also be used to detect bone diseases such as bone marrow iron deposition and osteopetrosis, in which diseased tissue replaces normal bone marrow. People who need to be tested: 1. Intraspinal tumors include intramedullary, extramedullary tumors, subdural tumors, extramedullary epidural tumors. 2. Meningocele and spinal meningocele. 3. Spinal cord trauma. 4. Epidural abscess and subdural abscess. 5. Intraspinal vascular malformation. 6. Syringomyelia. 7. Spinal cord atrophy. High results may be diseases: pediatric spina bifida, cervical disc herniation, spinal suppurative osteomyelitis, schizophrenia, meningocele and duodenal bulging, intercostal neuralgia, scoliosis, myelitis, teratoma Tumor, pediatric neural tube malformation precautions Before inspection: 1. Remove all metal-containing items such as metal watches, glasses, necklaces, dentures, prosthetic eyes, buttons, belts, hearing aids, etc. 2. Patients with cardiac pacemakers are prohibited from performing MRI. 3, when doing pelvic area examination, the bladder filling is required, and the urine should not be dissolved before the examination. Those with metal arthroke rings must take it out to carry out. 4, there are shrapnel residues in the body, generally can not do MRI. 5, patients with metal silver clips after surgery, whether you can do MRI examinations should be carefully decided by the doctor. 6, MRI has no special requirements for diet and drugs. When checking: 1. When checking the chest and abdomen, keep your breathing steady, and avoid coughing or swallowing during the examination. 2. Bring other inspection materials that have been done, such as B-ultrasound, X-ray, and CT reports. Inspection process 1. The patient takes the supine position, and the central axis of the human body overlaps with the longitudinal axis of the magnetic field. Cervical vertebra scans require alignment of the midpoint of the lower mandible (the thyroid cartilage bulge) at the center of the surface coil. The upper thoracic vertebra scan is centered on the midpoint of the upper edge of the sternum and the xiphoid line, and the center of the lower thoracic vertebra can be appropriately moved down. Lumbar vertebrae scans generally align the 2 cm line on the surface of the surface coil, and adjust the center position according to the lesion. Thoracic vertebra scans also require vertebral body plane positioning to locate the upper thoracic vertebrae with cervical vertebrae 2 or the lower thoracic vertebrae with atlas 1. 2. The cervical vertebrae surface coil is used for cervical vertebra scan, and the spine surface coil is used for the thoracolumbar spine. 3. The sagittal plane is usually selected as the basic scanning orientation. According to the characteristics of the lesion, a T1-weighted image of the cross-section or (and) coronal plane is added to understand the compression of the nerve root and the extent of the lesion. 4. Scanning layer thickness sagittal plane 3 ~ 4mm, no spacing, 9 ~ 11 layers; cross section and coronal surface 3 ~ 6mm. 5. The scanning parameters of the SE sequence are similar to those of the brain examination. Sagittal and cross-sectional scans should be saturated on the ventral side of the spine to suppress aortic pulsation artifacts. Multiple intervertebral disc cross-sectional scans can use multi-faceted multi-angle T1-weighted image sequences. The quasi-T2-weighted image of the gradient echo sequence can well show the disc lesion and can perform intraspinal myelography, which is shorter than the T2-weighted image of the SE sequence. In the above two cases, the former can replace the latter. Applying GMR technology can improve image quality. 6. Enhanced post-scanning requires SE-sequence T1-weighted images in three orientations: sagittal, transverse, and coronal. Not suitable for the crowd 1. Those who have an electrocardiograph. 2. Use various rescue tools with metal and cannot remove them. 3. Those who have metal clips in the body after surgery. There is a metal implant that cannot be removed adjacent to the body at the examination site. 4. Women with early pregnancy (within 3 months) should avoid MRI scans. Adverse reactions and risks A small number of people may have chest tightness, palpitations and other reactions.