obstetric ultrasound

B-ultrasound can clearly see the shape of the larger organs of the fetus, the activity of the fetus in the uterus, the amount of amniotic fluid, the shape and location of the placenta, and the presence or absence of bleeding after the placenta. It is an important diagnostic tool for obstetrics. One. Fetal cysts are only seen early in pregnancy. Its size is about 2 cm in diameter at 1.5 months of pregnancy and about 5 cm at 2.5 months. The position of the fetal sac is normal in the uterus, the anterior wall, the posterior wall, the upper part and the middle part of the uterus; the shape is round, elliptical and clear as normal; if the fetal sac is irregular, fuzzy, and the position is in the lower part, the pregnant woman simultaneously If you have abdominal pain or vaginal bleeding, you may have a miscarriage. Basic Information Specialist classification: gynecological examination classification: ultrasound Applicable gender: whether women are fasting: not fasting Tips: In order to display the pelvic organs, the patient must drink more than 500ml 2 to 3 hours before the examination, or inject 300 ml of sterile isotonic saline into the bladder through the catheter to moderately fill the bladder. Normal value 4 weeks of pregnancy: the fetus is only 0.2 cm. The fertilized egg just finished the implantation, the amniotic cavity is formed, and the volume is small. Ultrasound still does not see signs of pregnancy. At 5 weeks of gestation, the fetus grows to 0.4 cm, enters the embryonic stage, the amniotic cavity enlarges, the original cardiovascular appears, and there may be pulsations. B-small can see small fetal sac, the fetal sac accounts for less than 1/4 of the uterine cavity, or visible fetal buds. At 6 weeks of gestation, the fetus grows to 0.85 cm. The fetal head, cerebral ventricle, frontal organs, respiration, digestion, nerves and other organs are differentiated. The B-ultrasound sac is clearly visible, and the fetal bud and fetal heartbeat are seen. At 7 weeks of gestation, the fetus grows to 1.33 cm. The embryo has a human embryonic shape, the body segments have all been differentiated, the limbs are separated, and the various systems are further developed. B-ultrasound clearly sees the fetal bud and fetal heartbeat, and the fetal sac accounts for about 1/3 of the uterine cavity. At 8 weeks of gestation, the fetus grows to 1.66 cm, and the fetal shape has been determined. The fetal head, body and limbs can be separated, and the fetal head is larger than the trunk. B-visible fetal sac accounts for about 1/2 of the official cavity, fetal morphology and fetal movement are clearly visible, and the yolk sac can be seen. At 9 weeks of gestation, the fetus grows to 2.15 cm, the fetal head is larger than the carcass, and the performance of each part is clearer. The skull begins to calcify and the placenta begins to develop. The B-ultra-visible fetal sac almost fills the uterine cavity, the fetal contour is clearer, and the placenta begins to appear. At 10 weeks of gestation, the fetus grows to 2.83 cm, and all organs of the fetus have formed, and the placenta has formed. B-visible fetal sac begins to disappear, the bud-shaped placenta is visible, and the fetus is active in amniotic fluid. At 11 weeks of gestation, the fetus grows to 3.62 cm, and the fetal organs develop further and the placenta develops. The B-ultra-visible fetal sac completely disappeared and the placenta was clearly visible. At 12 weeks of gestation, the fetus grows to 4.58 cm, and the external genitalia develops initially. If there is deformity, the calcification of the skull is more perfect. The skull aura is clear, the double top diameter can be measured, and the obvious deformity can be diagnosed. After that, the organs tend to be perfect. Pregnancy through the B-ultrasound to determine the size of the fetus is a more valuable method, pregnant women in the B-ultrasound will see some values ​​on the test report, these values ​​are to tell your baby's development size. The gestational age double top diameter (average value) cm abdominal circumference (average value) cm femur length (average value) cm The mean value of the double top diameter at the 13th week of pregnancy was 2.52 ± 0.25, the average value of the abdominal circumference was 6.90 ± 1.65, and the length of the femur was 1.17 ± 0.31. The mean value of the 14-week double-diameter was 2.83 ± 0.57, the average abdominal circumference was 7.77 ± 1.82, and the length of the femur was 1.38 ± 0.48. The mean value of the double-diameter diameter at 15 weeks of pregnancy was 3.23 ± 0.51, the average value of the abdominal circumference was 9.13 ± 1.56, and the length of the femur was 1.74 ± 0.58. The mean value of the double-diameter diameter at 16 weeks of pregnancy was 3.62 ± 0.58, the average value of the abdominal circumference was 10.32 ± 1.92, and the length of the femur was 2.10 ± 0.51. The mean value of the double-diameter diameter at 17 weeks of pregnancy was 3.97 ± 0.44, the mean value of the abdominal circumference was 11.49 ± 1.62, and the length of the femur was 2.52 ± 0.44. The mean value of the double-diameter diameter at the 18th week of pregnancy was 4.25±0.53, the average value of the abdominal circumference was 12.41±1.89, and the length of the femur was 2.71±0.46. The mean value of the double-diameter diameter at 19 weeks of pregnancy was 4.52 ± 0.53, the average value of the abdominal circumference was 13.59 ± 2.30, and the length of the femur was 3.03 ± 0.50. The mean value of the double top diameter at 20 weeks of pregnancy was 4.88 ± 0.58, the average value of the abdominal circumference was 14.80 ± 1.89, and the length of the femur was 3.35 ± 0.47. The mean value of the double-diameter diameter at the 22nd week of pregnancy was 5.45±0.57, the average value of the abdominal circumference was 16.70±2.23, and the length of the femur was 3.82±0.47. The mean value of the double-diameter diameter at 24 weeks of pregnancy was 6.05 ± 0.50, the mean value of the abdominal circumference was 18.74 ± 2.23, and the length of the femur was 4.36 ± 0.51. The mean value of the double-diameter diameter at 26 weeks of pregnancy was 6.68 ± 0.61, the mean value of the abdominal circumference was 21.62 ± 2.30, and the length of the femur was 4.87 ± 0.41. The mean value of the double top diameter at 28 weeks of pregnancy was 7.24 ± 0.15, the average value of the abdominal circumference was 22.86 ± 2.41, and the length of the femur was 5.35 ± 0.55. The mean value of the double top diameter at 30 weeks of pregnancy was 7.83 ± 0.62, the average abdominal circumference was 24.88 ± 2.03, and the length of the femur was 5.77 ± 0.47. The mean value of the double-diameter diameter at 32 weeks of pregnancy was 8.17 ± 0.65, the mean value of the abdominal circumference was 26.20 ± 2.33, and the length of the femur was 6.43 ± 0.49. The mean value of the double-diameter diameter at 34 weeks of pregnancy was 8.61 ± 0.63, the average abdominal circumference was 27.99 ± 2.55, and the length of the femur was 6.62 ± 0.43. The mean value of the double-diameter diameter at 36 weeks of pregnancy was 8.81 ± 0.57, the mean value of the abdominal circumference was 29.44 ± 2.83, and the length of the femur was 6.95 ± 0.47. The mean value of the double-diameter diameter at 38 weeks of pregnancy was 9.08 ± 0.59, the average value of the abdominal circumference was 30.63 ± 2.83, and the length of the femur was 7.20 ± 0.43. The mean value of the double top diameter at 39 weeks of pregnancy was 9.21 ± 0.59, the average abdominal circumference was 31.34 ± 3.12, and the length of the femur was 7.34 ± 0.53. The mean value of the double top diameter at 40 weeks of pregnancy was 9.28 ± 0.50, the average abdominal circumference was 31.49 ± 2.79, and the length of the femur was 7.40 ± 0.53. Clinical significance Ultrasound diagnosis in obstetrics can be applied to normal pregnancy, ectopic pregnancy, placenta previa, early placental stripping, and polyhydramnios. The hospital ultrasound report form generally includes the following aspects: fetal sac, fetal head, fetal heart, fetal movement, placenta, femur, amniotic fluid and spine. They explain what the problem is, what is normal under what circumstances, and under what circumstances is it abnormal? Here are some reference indicators. 1, fetal cysts are only seen in early pregnancy. Its size is about 2 cm in diameter at 1.5 months of pregnancy and about 5 cm at 2.5 months. The position of the fetal sac is normal in the uterus, the anterior wall, the posterior wall, the upper part and the middle part of the uterus; the shape is round, elliptical and clear as normal; if the fetal sac is irregular, fuzzy, and the position is in the lower part, the pregnant woman simultaneously If you have abdominal pain or vaginal bleeding, you may have a miscarriage. 2, the fetal head contour is intact, the defect, deformation is abnormal, the brain midline is not displaced and no hydrocephalus is normal. BPD stands for the double top diameter of the fetal head and should reach 9.3 cm or more when pregnant to full term. According to the general rule, after 5 months of pregnancy, it is basically consistent with the pregnancy month, that is, BPD is about 7.0 cm at 28 weeks (7 months) and about 8.0 cm at 32 weeks (8 months). And so on. After 8 months of pregnancy, an average weekly increase of about 0.2 cm is normal. 3, the fetal heart is strong, normal, no, weak is abnormal. The fetal heart rate is normally between 120 and 160 beats per minute. 4, fetal movement has a strong, normal, no, weak, possible fetal in sleep, may also be an abnormal situation, combined with other items for comprehensive analysis. 5, the placenta position is to indicate the position of the placenta in the uterine wall; the normal thickness of the placenta should be between 2.5-5 cm; the calcification report is divided into III, the first stage is the early stage of the placental maturity, the echo is even, This change can be seen in 30-32 weeks; level II indicates that the placenta is near maturity; level III indicates that the placenta is mature. The closer to the full term, the more mature the placenta and the uneven echo. 6, the length of the femur is the length of the fetus thigh bone, its normal value and the corresponding pregnancy month BPD value is about 2-3 cm, for example, BPD is 9.3 cm, femur length should be 7.3 cm; BPD is 8.9 cm, femur The length should be 6.9 cm and so on. 7, amniotic fluid amniotic fluid depth between 3-7 cm is normal, more than 7 cm for amniotic fluid increased, less than 3 cm for amniotic fluid decreased. 8, the spine fetal spine is normal, the defect is abnormal, and the spine may be deformed. 9. Under normal circumstances, the umbilical cord should float in the amniotic fluid. If the umbilical cord image is seen in the fetal neck, it may be the umbilical cord around the neck. Low results may be diseases: uterine horn pregnancy, transverse dystocia, abnormal dystocia of soft birth canal, breech presentation, sub-hanging, embryonic residual cyst, pregnancy fever, high pregnancy-induced hypertension, possible disease: huge child, child full , fetal death, pregnancy, hypertension, precautions In order to display the pelvic organs, the patient must drink more than 500ml 2 to 3 hours before the examination, or inject 300 ml of sterile isotonic saline into the bladder through the catheter to properly fill the bladder. Inspection process In the early pregnancy, you must fill the bladder and check. The probe performs cross-cutting, slitting, and beveling on the abdominal wall. Not suitable for the crowd Non-pregnant people. Adverse reactions and risks Generally does not have much impact on the body.