Hysterosalpingography

Hysterosalinography (HSG) has been used in the 1920s to inject a high-density substance iodine composed of high atomic number into the uterine cavity through the cervical canal, which is evident in the X-ray film and surrounding tissues. The artificial contrast is used to visualize the lumen to understand the condition of the uterus and the fallopian tube. The angiography can not only indicate whether the fallopian tube is patency, the location of the obstruction, but also the morphology of the uterine cavity. This type of examination is safe, does not require anesthesia, has no obvious pain, and is acceptable to the patient. Basic Information Specialist classification: gynecological examination classification: X-ray Applicable gender: whether women are fasting: fasting Tips: It is best to use contraception for three months after angiography to reduce the possible effects of x-ray irradiation. Normal value 1. Exploring the causes of primary or secondary infertility. 2. Internal genital developmental malformations, such as single-horned uterus, double-horned uterus, congenital absence of uterus, etc., or the fallopian tube is not developed congenitally. 3. Exploring the cause of uterine bleeding. 4. Understand the situation of the fallopian tubes after various sterilization measures. 5. Diagnosis of internal genital inflammation, tuberculosis, and tumors. Clinical significance Hysterosalpingography is one of the commonly used examination methods for uterine and fallopian tube diseases in obstetrics and gynecology, such as diagnosis of uterus, tumor, primary or secondary infertility. Precautions 1. 2 weeks after angiography, bathing and sexual life are prohibited for two weeks. Antibiotics can be given as appropriate to prevent infection. 2. Sometimes the fainting of the fallopian tube is caused by the fallopian tube sputum, and repeated if necessary. 3. A small amount of vaginal bleeding within one week after angiography is normal if there is no other discomfort 4. It is best to use contraception for three months after angiography to reduce the possible effects of x-ray irradiation. However, clinical observations have found that women who are pregnant in the month after angiography do not increase the risk of fetal abnormalities. Inspection process 1. The patient is supine, knees, vaginal opening the vagina, disinfecting the cervix and upper vagina with 0.5% chlorhexidine: 1 Use the cervical forceps to gently pull the cervix down, detect the length of the cervix (to enter the internal mouth), adjust the iodized oil syringe to the appropriate length, and slowly insert it into the cervix. Fix the cervical clamp and syringe with one hand, do not loosen the syringe piston, and install iodized oil in the syringe to prevent injecting air. 2 If a cervical plastic cannula with a balloon (dual lumen catheter) is used, the air bag is first drawn, and after being inserted into the uterine cavity, the auxiliary tube is inflated to inflate the balloon. Clamping the inflation tube allows the balloon to plug into the cervix and prevent the catheter from coming out of the cervix. Connect the iodized oil syringe to the catheter. 2. Inject the iodized oil slowly under fluoroscopy. After filling the uterine cavity, apply a little pressure and take a picture. 3. When fluoroscopy, the exposure area should be reduced. Pay attention to the passage of iodized oil. When abnormal phenomena are found, stop the injection. Immediately take a picture. Continue to inject after the filming. Generally, inject about 2ml of iodized oil until the fallopian tubes are filled. Take the front and back position and the oblique position. After 4.24h, take another film and observe the contrast agent into the abdominal cavity. 5. When using the aqueous contrast agent, in addition to the contrast agent into the fallopian tube, you can take another 1 later to observe whether the fallopian tube is unobstructed. Not suitable for the crowd Acute or subacute uterine and accessory inflammation, uterine bleeding (including menstrual period), after the curettage and uterine surgery, the endometrium has not fully recovered. Adverse reactions and risks 1. A small number of patients may have chest tightness, tightness, nausea, vomiting, cough and abdominal pain. 2. There are very few patients with allergic reactions, and severe cases may develop anaphylactic shock. 3. There may be a small amount of bleeding during and after surgery, and very few patients may develop infections.