retrograde pyelography

Retrograde angiography of the renal pelvis was performed by X-ray examination. Basic Information Specialist classification: urinary examination classification: X-ray Applicable gender: whether men and women apply fasting: fasting Tips: Antibiotics are routinely applied after angiography to prevent infection. Normal value Applicable to: 1. Patients who are not satisfied with conventional venous pyelography. 2. Those who are not suitable for intravenous pyelography, such as heart, liver, kidney dysfunction and iodine allergy. 3. In order to observe the anatomy of the urinary tract in detail. 4. Determine whether there is a space-occupying lesion in the urinary tract of patients with hematuria. 5. Determine the relationship between the intra-abdominal dense calcification and the urinary tract seen in the plain film. Clinical significance The advantage of retrograde pyelography is that it is clearly developed and is not affected by the secretion function of the kidney. The disadvantage is that urinary tract infection is prone to occur, so it is often used as a selective application. Precautions Before inspection: 1. Check the day without breakfast. Before the examination, take laxatives or pre-intestine enema, and check according to the agreed time. First look at the abdomen and observe if there is any gas or fecal mass in the bowel for further treatment. 2. Iodine allergy test. Drain the urine. 3. Commonly used contrast agent 60% diatrizoate. Dosage: 4 to 6 ml below 1 year old, 5 to 10 ml from 2 to 6 years old, 10 to 15 ml from 7 to 14 years old, and 20 ml for adults over 15 years old. Negative contrast agents such as air, oxygen, etc. have certain advantages in showing ureteral stones, especially urate, but there is a risk of embolism, so those with renal pelvis bleeding should be used with caution. After inspection: 1. Antibiotics are routinely applied after angiography to prevent infection. 2, when the pain is unbearable, you can apply antispasmodic and analgesic drugs. 3. Hemostatic drugs can be applied when hematuria is severe. Inspection process 1. After routinely inserting the ureteral catheter into the ureter via a cystoscope, a flat piece of the abdomen can be taken first to define the position of the catheter and can be used instead of the flat piece of the abdomen. The tip of the ureteral catheter should be placed at the junction of the renal pelvis and the ureter. 2. Inject about 7 to 10 ml of contrast agent per side or until the patient feels a slight pain in the lower back. 3. Immediately rinse the film, such as poor filling of the renal pelvis, can be repeated angiography. 4. The radiologist should decide whether it is necessary to take other positions before extubation, and the catheter can be pulled out after the angiography is confirmed. 5. If you need to check the ureter, you can inject the contrast agent while withdrawing the catheter. Immediately after the catheter is retracted to the lower end of the ureter. Not suitable for the crowd Bladder tuberculosis, acute urinary tract infection, urethral stricture, urinary tract injury, etc. Adverse reactions and risks May cause bleeding.