Serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP)

Alpha-fetoprotein is an acidic glycoprotein that is present in the early liver and yolk sac of fetal development and disappears shortly after birth. The normal human content is extremely low, and when the content is significantly increased, it is helpful for the diagnosis of primary liver cancer. Currently used for the screening and early diagnosis of primary liver cancer, can also be used to suggest the efficacy of surgical resection of liver cancer (ie whether it is complete or relapse). Basic Information Specialist classification: Oncology examination classification: immune examination Applicable gender: whether men and women apply fasting: fasting Analysis results: Below normal: Below normal, no clinical significance. Normal value: no Above normal: Higher than normal found in primary liver cancer, and other liver diseases. negative: It is negative under normal conditions. Positive: 1 positive: primary liver cancer. 2 weak positive: metastatic liver cancer, part of testicular, ovarian embryogenic tumor, jaundice hepatitis, obstructive jaundice, cirrhosis, gastric cancer, biliary tract cancer, lung cancer. Tips: Do dynamic tests every 1-2 days to avoid false positives or false negatives. Normal value Qualitative: Two-way convection agar diffusion method is negative. Quantification: reverse passive hemagglutination <215 μg / L (<25 ng / ml). Radioimmunoassay fetal peak (first 3 months) 2 ~ 4g / L (200 ~ 400mg / dl), 1 year <30μg / L (<30ng / ml), adult <40μg / L (<40ng / ml), mean 2.6 ± 1.6 μg / L (2.6 ± 1.6 ng / ml). After 3 months of pregnancy, AFP in the serum of pregnant women will increase, reaching the highest peak in 7-8 months, generally <400ng/mL, and return to normal 3 weeks after delivery. Clinical significance 1. Qualitative: 1 positive: primary liver cancer. 2 weak positive: metastatic liver cancer, part of testicular, ovarian embryogenic tumor, jaundice hepatitis, obstructive jaundice, cirrhosis, gastric cancer, biliary tract cancer, lung cancer. 2. Quantification: 1 height elevation: primary liver cancer (progressive elevation), yolk sac cell malignancy (1/3 case), gastric cancer liver metastasis, pregnant women, congenital biliary atresia. 2 moderate transient rise to mild elevation: amebic liver abscess, cardiogenic hepatic sputum, idiopathic hemophilia, obstructive jaundice, halothane-toxic hepatitis, fatty liver, alcohol-induced hepatitis , infectious mononucleosis, chronic hepatitis. 3 mild elevation: non-specific ulcerative colitis, localized enteritis (related to non-specific hyperreactive hepatitis). Positive results may be diseases: pediatric liver failure, pediatric liver tumor, elderly primary liver cancer, adolescent and pediatric ovarian tumor, liver cancer, metastatic liver cancer Before inspection: 1, do not eat too greasy, high-protein food the day before the blood, to avoid heavy drinking. The alcohol content in the blood directly affects the test results. 2. Fasting for 12 hours before taking blood, taking fresh blood for inspection. When checking: When you draw blood, you should relax your mind, avoid the contraction of blood vessels caused by fear, and increase the difficulty of blood collection. After inspection: 1. After blood is drawn, local compression is required at the pinhole for 3-5 minutes to stop bleeding. Note: Do not rub, so as not to cause subcutaneous hematoma. 2, the pressing time should be sufficient. There is a difference in clotting time for each person, and some people need a little longer to clotting. Therefore, when the surface of the skin appears to be bleeding, the compression is stopped immediately, and the blood may be infiltrated into the skin due to incomplete hemostasis. Therefore, the compression time is longer to completely stop bleeding. If there is a tendency to bleed, the compression time should be extended. 3, after the blood draw symptoms of fainting such as: dizziness, vertigo, fatigue, etc. should immediately lie down, drink a small amount of syrup, and then undergo a physical examination after the symptoms are relieved. 4. If there is localized congestion, use a warm towel after 24 hours to promote absorption. In addition, dynamic measurements are taken every 1-2 days to avoid false positives or false negatives. Inspection process Immediately after blood collection, the test is sent for dynamic measurement. Not suitable for the crowd Those without examination indications should not be tested. Adverse reactions and risks 1. Infection: Pay attention to aseptic operation when collecting blood, avoid contamination of water and other parts at the blood collection site to avoid local infection. 2, bleeding: after the blood is given a full compression time, especially coagulopathy, bleeding tendency, to avoid local subcutaneous oozing, bruising and swelling.