Microscopic examination of skin fungus

Skin microscopy is a direct microscopic examination of hyphae and spores for initial diagnosis. The culture method determines the strain according to the characteristics of the colony and the morphology under the microscope. Shallow fungi mainly cause superficial infections such as skin and mucous membranes; deep fungi can invade systemic organs and tissues, such as severe sepsis, endocarditis, meningitis and other fatal diseases. The fungi causing these diseases are: Candida albicans, Cryptococcus neoformans, Candida tropicalis, and the like. Basic Information Specialist classification: skin examination classification: pathogenic microbiological examination Applicable gender: whether men and women apply fasting: not fasting Analysis results: Below normal: Normal value: no Above normal: negative: Negative, that is, no pathogenic bacteria grow. Positive: Positive can be based on the results to determine the presence of shallow or deep fungal infections. Tips: Pay attention to personal hygiene and avoid eating foods that are very irritating to the skin. Normal value Negative, that is, no pathogenic bacteria grow. Clinical significance When fungi invade the human body, doctors will divide them according to their invasion of the human body. Therefore, fungi can be divided into two major categories: shallow fungus and deep fungus. Shallow fungi mainly cause superficial infections such as skin and mucous membranes; deep fungi can invade systemic organs and tissues, such as severe sepsis, endocarditis, meningitis and other fatal diseases. The fungi causing these diseases include Candida albicans, Cryptococcus neoformans, and Candida tropicalis. Abnormal results Fungal examination methods often use direct examination (including non-staining direct smear microscopy, negative staining, Gram staining, fluorescent staining) and fungal culture. The abnormal results are as follows: 1. Smear to find fungal hyphae and spores. 2, the detection of new cryptococcus, can be seen in subacute or chronic meningitis or lung infections, can also invade the skin, subcutaneous tissue, muscles, lymph nodes and intestines, etc., when the lungs spread through the bloodstream can invade all organs organization. Regardless of the type of cryptococcal infection that occurs, the central nervous system will eventually be infected. 3. Detection of fungi (including deep fungi and shallow fungi). Deep fungi refers to pathogenic fungi and conditional pathogenic fungi that invade tissues and organs other than the epidermis, including Cryptococcal, Candida, S. sphaeroides, Dark-spotted fungi, Aspergillus, and Mucor. Shallow fungi refers to superficial mycosis caused by fungi that are parasitic or saprophytic in the epidermis, hair, deck, etc., called cockroaches, including Trichophyton, Microsporum, and Epidermidis. The person in need of examination has a patient suspected of having fungal infection symptoms. Positive results may be diseases: colored blastomycosis and dark filamentous mildew, acne, purpuric lichen planus, head seborrheic dermatitis, suboccipital induration folliculitis, needy precautions Inappropriate crowd: not found yet. Contraindications before inspection: Pay attention to personal hygiene and avoid eating foods that are very irritating to the skin. Requirements for inspection: 1. Inquire about the history of trauma and surgery, the time of injury, the location, the treatment after injury, the onset time, the development of the disease, and the history of vaccination against tetanus; for female patients, the history of childbirth or abortion should be consulted; For newborns, the history of childbirth and umbilical cord management should be asked. There were a few cases with no history of injury and no obvious wounds. 2, check the injured part, the wound situation, the muscles around the wound are sputum and twitching, paying special attention to whether the rectus abdominis is strong. If there is exudate or exfoliated tissue block in the wound, bacteriological examination (including smear and anaerobic culture) and pathological examination should be performed. 3, to observe whether the patient has closed teeth, paroxysmal convulsions, sneer, angulation, generalized tonic and paroxysmal spasm, pay special attention to whether the airway is smooth, with or without throat. After the patient is quiet, check for pulmonary complications and necessary auxiliary examinations. Inspection process Direct microscopy: Taking specimens is the key to verifying the correct results. The corresponding specimens were selected according to clinical manifestations. Scales, fungus: use a blunt knife to scrape the scales on the edge of the lesion. A disease: first remove the free dirt on the surface of the nail, take the dander under the deck near the nail bed. Pus, exudate and various secretions: Take directly with cotton swabs. Hair: Use a pair of tweezers to remove the diseased hair and hair loss that is tarnished and wound around the fungus. Cerebrospinal fluid, ascites, urine, should be centrifuged and take a precipitate. Actinomycosis: Look for sulphur-like particles. Not suitable for the crowd Taboo population: Not clear at the moment. Adverse reactions and risks Generally no complications and harm.