Serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP)

Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) is a phosphate monoester hydrolase and is a group of specific phosphatase enzymes. The enzyme is widely distributed in human tissues and body fluids, and has a high content in bone, liver, breast, small intestine, and kidney. Most of it is produced by bone cells, and a small part is derived from the liver and is discharged into the intestine through bile. The alkaline phosphatase in normal human serum is mainly from the liver and bone. The alkaline phosphatase assay is mainly used to diagnose hepatobiliary and skeletal diseases. It is an important indicator reflecting extrahepatic biliary obstruction, intrahepatic space-occupying lesions and rickets. Basic Information Specialist classification: Digestive examination classification: liver function test Applicable gender: whether men and women apply fasting: fasting Analysis results: Below normal: Found in milk-alkaline syndrome, scurvy, hypothyroidism, excessive intake of vitamin D, pernicious anemia, severe chronic nephritis, dysentery, cachexia and so on. Normal value: Adult: 3-13 Kim's unit children: 5-28 Jin's unit Above normal: 1, no jaundice: liver cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, biliary tract disease (cholangiocarcinoma, intrahepatic calculi), localized liver damage (metastasis liver cancer, liver abscess, granulomatous liver injury), other liver diseases (chronic hepatitis, Fatty liver), bone disease (neuropathic osteomalacia, or osteosarcoma), metastatic bone cancer, hyperthyroidism, hyperparathyroidism, chronic renal insufficiency, malignant tumor (bone, liver metastasis). 2, there are jaundice: viral hepatitis, alcoholic hepatitis, drug-induced liver damage, liver damage caused by viruses other than hepatitis virus, primary biliary cirrhosis, other intrahepatic bile stasis, obstructive jaundice (cholangiocarcinoma, Cholangiocarcinoma, pancreatic head cancer, common bile duct stones, sclerosing cholangitis). negative: Positive: Tips: Take blood on an empty stomach and fast for 10 hours before taking blood. The use of certain drugs such as birth control pills can cause an increase in ALP results. Normal value 1, colorimetry Adult 3 to 13 gold units. Children 5 to 28 gold units. 2, continuous monitoring method 37 ° C Women 1 to 12 years old <500U / L, > 15 years old 40 ~ 150U / L. Males 1 to 12 years old <500 U / L, 12 to 15 years old <750 U / L, > 25 years old 40 ~ 150 U / L. Clinical significance 1. Raise: (1) No jaundice: liver cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, biliary tract disease (cholangiocarcinoma, intrahepatic calculi), localized liver damage (metastasis liver cancer, liver abscess, granulomatous liver injury), other liver diseases (chronic hepatitis) , fatty liver), bone disease (neuropathic osteomalacia, or osteosarcoma), metastatic bone cancer, hyperthyroidism, hyperparathyroidism, chronic renal insufficiency, malignant tumors (bone, liver metastasis). (2) Astragalus: viral hepatitis, alcoholic hepatitis, drug-induced liver damage, liver damage caused by viruses other than hepatitis virus, primary biliary cirrhosis, other intrahepatic bile stasis, obstructive jaundice (cholangiocarcinoma) , cholangiocarcinoma, pancreatic head cancer, common bile duct stones, sclerosing cholangitis). 2, lower: Milk-alkaline syndrome, scurvy, hypothyroidism, excessive intake of vitamin D, pernicious anemia, severe chronic nephritis, dysentery, cachexia, etc. Low results may be diseases: high cirrhosis results may be diseases: hypothyroidism precautions 1. Blood is taken on an empty stomach and fasted for 10 hours before blood draw. 2, the use of certain drugs such as birth control pills can cause ALP results to rise. Inspection process Immediately after venous blood collection, the test is performed. 1. Colorimetric method: Mix well, adjust the absorbance of each tube at 510 nm, and record the absorbance of each tube to determine the difference between the absorbance of the tube and the control tube, and check the standard curve. 2, continuous monitoring method: each laboratory can be based on the analyzer model and operating instructions, the main parameters: incubation time 30s, continuous monitoring time 60s, wavelength 405nm, liquid absorption 500μl, temperature 37 ° C, specimen and reagent volume Ratio 1:50, coefficient 2757. Not suitable for the crowd Special diseases: Patients with hematopoietic dysfunction, such as leukemia, various anemia, myelodysplastic syndrome, etc., unless the examination is essential, try to draw less blood. Adverse reactions and risks 1. Infection: Pay attention to aseptic operation when collecting blood, avoid contamination of water and other parts at the blood collection site to avoid local infection. 2, bleeding: after the blood is given a full compression time, especially coagulopathy, bleeding tendency, to avoid local subcutaneous oozing, bruising and swelling.