Vitamin E (VitE, VE)

Vitamin E is a generic term for tocopherol (T) and tocotrienol (T-3), and is a fat-soluble vitamin. It is an important component of the cell membrane. It is also the main antioxidant on the cell membrane. Vitamin E is widely found in animal and plant foods. Animal foods are mainly type da, and vegetable oils contain more vitamin E content, which is parallel with polyene fatty acid content such as linoleic acid. Vitamin E is an antioxidant of polyene fatty acids, which binds to phospholipid pol-yunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) on the cell membrane to form a complex to stabilize the membrane structure and prevent PUFA and sulfur-containing groups in the biofilm. The enzyme is damaged by the oxidant. When vitamin E is deficient, PUFA on the erythrocyte membrane is prone to peroxidation, which damages the erythrocyte membrane and causes hemolysis. Plasma vitamin E value and cell hydrogen peroxide hemolysis test erythrocyte hydrogen peroxide hemolysis test is an indirect method, and there are false positives, such as hereditary spherocytosis, glucose-6-phosphatase deficiency, but this method simple. Basic Information Specialist classification: growth and development check classification: biochemical examination Applicable gender: whether men and women apply fasting: fasting Analysis results: Below normal: Most of the vitamin E deficiency diseases are caused by insufficient storage of vitamin E in the body, low intake, poor absorption or a large amount of demand. When vitamin E is deficient, different degrees of hemolytic anemia may occur, so hemoglobin is reduced, reticulocytes are increased, and abnormal red blood cells are seen in the surrounding blood. Normal value: Plasma vitamin E: 11.6-46.4 μmol/L Serum vitamin E: 26.98-42.96μmol/L Above normal: Large doses of vitamin E supplementation, more than the amount needed by the body. Moreover, long-term high-dose intake can increase the risk of hemorrhagic stroke, promote oxidation, and impede the absorption and function of other fat-soluble vitamins. negative: Positive: Tips: When you take blood, you should relax and check with your doctor. Normal value Plasma vitamin E11.6 ~ 46.4μmol / L. Serum vitamin E (34.97 ± 7.99) μmol / L. Red blood cell hydrogen peroxide hemolysis test normal human hydrogen peroxide hemolysis rate <20%, when its hemolysis rate> 20%, suggesting that plasma vitamin E concentration <9.6μmol / L; if hemolysis rate> 32.7%, plasma vitamin E concentration may be <7.2 Μmol/L. Clinical significance 1. Clinical diagnosis. Vitamin Edeficiency is mostly caused by insufficient storage of vitamin E in the body, low intake, poor absorption or a large amount of demand. Premature infants lack vitamin E, clinically anemia, edema, watery secretions in the nose, papule-like rash on the face, neck and head. It is characterized by nerves, muscle symptoms and infertility in children and adults. When vitamin E is deficient, different degrees of hemolytic anemia may occur, so hemoglobin is reduced, reticulocytes are increased, and abnormal red blood cells are seen in the surrounding blood. 2. Evaluation of laboratory diagnostic methods. The determination of plasma vitamin E content is a method to evaluate the nutritional status of vitamin E, but the plasma vitamin E value is related to the total lipid content. When the blood lipid is low, the plasma vitamin E value is also reduced; in fact, the body does not lack vitamin E, so it is necessary to use The content of the lipid vitamin E is expressed. Adults with vitamin E concentration <0.8mg / dl total lipid in the vitamin E deficiency, in children <0.6mg / g total lipids were identified as vitamin E deficiency. After the diagnosis of vitamin E deficiency, treatment with vitamin E, vitamin E can exist in the blood circulation for 1 to 2 days, so after taking vitamin E for 3 days, the vitamin E content in the blood can be re-measured. 3. Plasma vitamin E value and cell hydrogen peroxide hemolysis test. The erythrocyte hydrogen peroxide hemolysis test is an indirect method with false positives, such as hereditary spherocytosis and glucose-6-phosphatase deficiency, but the method is simple. In addition, if oral vitamins are excessive, then: 1. Taking large doses of vitamin E for a long time can cause certain toxic side effects, such as thrombophlebitis, pulmonary embolism, lower extremity edema, elevated serum cholesterol, etc., and may affect immune function and reduce it. Therefore, the application of large doses of vitamin E should be limited. 2. Long-term use, the maximum amount of 1 day does not exceed 200mg. If a larger dose must be applied for a long period of time, the relevant inspection should be carried out regularly. 3. Any patient who has a diagnosis of yin deficiency, phlegm and heat, and yang yang sputum may cause irritability, insomnia, etc., and should be used with caution. Individual patients may have a dry throat after taking the medicine. Low results may be diseases: vitamin E deficiency disease, vitamin E deficiency in children, hereditary spherocytosis, positive infertility results may be diseases: hemolytic anemia considerations Inappropriate crowd: There is usually no special population. Taboo before inspection: 1. Prohibit preparations containing vitamin E before blood draw. 2. Avoid strenuous exercise. Exercise and intense physical activity affect the test results of many projects. Such as the commonly used alanine aminotranspeptidase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), creatine kinase (CK), will increase after physical activity increased, more than doubled, and even rested It can still be 30% higher after an hour. After running jog, blood creatinine (Cr) can be increased by 45%, and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) can be increased by 31%. Therefore, it is required to maintain the normal activity amount 2 days before the physical examination, and do not take blood samples after strenuous activities. Inspection process Requirements for inspection: Relax when you draw blood and check with your doctor. Check operation: 1. Take 10 ml stoppered centrifuge tubes and mark the measuring tube, standard tube and blank tube. 2. Add 0.2 ml of the test serum to the measuring tube, 0.2 ml of the VE standard application solution into the standard tube, and 0.2 ml of the double distilled water in the blank tube. 3. Add 1.0 ml of double distilled water to each tube, mix for 0.5 min, then add 2.0 ml of double-distilled ethanol, mix for 0.5 min, add 5.0 ml of hexane, shake for 3 min, and centrifuge at low speed for 5 min. 4. Take the upper hexane phase to measure the fluorescence intensity of each tube (excitation wavelength 295 nm, emission wavelength 330 nm). Note during inspection: 1. The test equipment used should be treated with concentrated acid. After washing, rinse with double distilled water. 2. VE can be stabilized for more than 24 hours in the hexane phase and in the dark. 3. The CV of this method is less than 2%, and the recovery rate is 93% to 103%. Cholesterol and hemoglobin are undisturbed, and triglycerides can interfere with this test. The linearity is 12 to 48 μmol/L. 4, serum VE in the dark, can be stored at 4 ° C for 4w, can be stored for several months under low temperature conditions. Not suitable for the crowd Women in menstruation do not need to be tested if there is no vitamin E deficiency or excess. Adverse reactions and risks no.