Nipple discharge test

The nipple discharge is divided into two types: physiological discharge and pathological discharge. The former is seen in women during pregnancy and lactation, the latter being a clinical manifestation of breast disease. Checking for abnormal nipple discharges helps diagnose breast disease. Basic Information Specialist classification: skin examination classification: body fluid examination Applicable gender: whether women are fasting: not fasting Tips: The nipple overflow liquid specimen collection is performed during the fourth week of the menstrual cycle. Normal value no. Clinical significance According to the appearance of the nipple, the nipple discharge can be divided into six categories. Among them, blood and serous blood are the most common, accounting for more than 50% of the discharge; serous and nipple juice are the second; the objective existence type is less common. 1, bloody discharge is different in shades of red or brown with ductal papilloma most common, followed by breast cancer, especially intraductal papillary carcinoma is easy to cause bloody discharge. Therefore, women over the age of 50, especially one side of the nipple should be highly valued when a single bloody discharge occurs, and bloody discharge can also occur in diseases such as mammary gland hyperplasia and ductal dilatation. 2, serous discharge is mostly yellowish, thin and transparent found in intraductal papilloma, breast hyperplasia, etc. about 2.5%, caused by breast cancer. 3, water sample discharge is colorless and transparent, clear as water, about 50% caused by breast cancer. 4. Milky spills are seen in women who have stopped breastfeeding, and some have a small amount of discharge for months or even years. In addition, mammary gland hyperplasia, galactorrhea amenorrhea syndrome, oral contraceptives, etc. can be seen. 5, mucous discharge is viscous, often double-sided multi-catheter automatic discharge is more common in sexual dysfunction, such as menopausal women; also seen in mammary duct dilatation plasma cell mastitis. 6, purulent discharge is mostly yellow or milky yellow, thick, sometimes with blood, is the performance of breast inflammation. Found in acute and chronic mastitis, ductal dilatation of the breast and breast tuberculosis. If the actinomycetes infection is carefully examined, sulfur-like particles can be seen. Precautions The nipple overflow liquid specimen collection was performed during the fourth week of the menstrual cycle. Breast palpation should be performed before specimen collection to check for the location of the lump and mass, then clean the nipple and dry. If the microbial culture specimens are collected, the nipple and areola must be disinfected and the nipple discharge collected aseptically. If there is more discharge, the initial small amount of spill should be wiped off with sterile gauze to collect the newly secreted discharge: 1. Natural spillage: Collect directly on the slide according to the purpose of the test, prepare a smear or inoculate it in the medium. If the overflow is rich, it can also be collected in a small centrifuge tube, and after centrifugation, the precipitate is smeared or inoculated. 2, there is a mass of mammary gland secretions from the mass of the distal nipple side of the sinus catheter drainage direction by hand massage and squeeze, then collect secretions. 3, no mass lump secretions can be gently squeezed around the areola to collect the secretions. 4, scraping or printing: nipples or other parts of the breast with erosion, ulcers or fistula mouth, first wipe off the surface of the rotten necrotic tissue, and then use a small scraper to scrape the pathological secretion smear, can also be used for disinfection and drying Just the film is lightly pressed on the lesion to check. Inspection process The pathogens of breast infection are most common with Staphylococcus aureus. There are also various other bacteria such as pneumococci, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and the like. Mycobacterium tuberculosis can cause chronic mastitis. Collect the sputum stained by the liquid spilled from the head or the fistula, and observe it by microscopic observation or culture identification. Not suitable for the crowd no. Adverse reactions and risks no.