alkaline phosphatase staining

Alkaline phosphatase is more abundant in mature neutrophils. Under alkaline conditions, alkaline phosphatase can be hydrolyzed to sodium phosphate and glycerol by activation of magnesium ions, and sodium phosphate undergoes a series of chemical reactions with calcium chloride, cobalt nitrate and ammonium sulfide to form brown cobalt sulfide. Located within the cytoplasm. Basic Information Specialist classification: Oncology examination classification: blood examination Applicable gender: whether men and women apply fasting: not fasting Tips: Do not eat too greasy, high-protein foods the day before the blood draw, avoid heavy drinking. The alcohol content in the blood directly affects the test results. Normal value Mature neutrophils were positive and all other cells were negative. The positive integral normal reference value is 80 points or less (based on the calculation of 100 neutral rod-shaped nucleus and lobulated granulocytes). Clinical significance Abnormal result Integral reduction is seen in viral infection, malignant histiocytosis, paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria, acute and chronic granulocytic leukemia, red, leukemia, myelodysplastic syndrome, secondary polycythemia, acute Nuclear cell leukemia, chronic lymphocytic leukemia. When the condition is relieved, the points can rise to normal again. Increased scores found in purulent bacterial infections, acute massive hemorrhage, essential thrombocythemia, aplastic anemia, red blood disease, myeloproliferative diseases, acute lymphocytic leukemia, leukemia-like reactions, malignant lymphoma, malignant tumors, hormones Treatment, etc. When the treatment of aplastic anemia is improved, the score can be reduced. People who need to be tested Proteinuria, bacterial infection, acute massive bleeding, anemia. Low results may be diseases: high incidence of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria in children may be diseases: malignant histiocytosis, aplastic anemia, essential thrombocytopenia precautions Before inspection: 1, do not eat too greasy, high-protein food the day before the blood, to avoid heavy drinking. The alcohol content in the blood directly affects the test results. 2. Fasting for 12 hours before taking blood, taking fresh blood for inspection. During the examination: should relax, avoid the contraction of blood vessels caused by fear, and increase the difficulty of blood collection. After inspection: 1. After blood is drawn, local compression is required at the pinhole for 3-5 minutes to stop bleeding. Note: Do not rub, so as not to cause subcutaneous hematoma. 2, the pressing time should be sufficient. There is a difference in clotting time for each person, and some people need a little longer to clotting. Therefore, when the surface of the skin appears to be bleeding, the compression is stopped immediately, and the blood may be infiltrated into the skin due to incomplete hemostasis. Therefore, the compression time is longer to completely stop bleeding. If there is a tendency to bleed, the compression time should be extended. 3, after the blood draw symptoms of fainting such as: dizziness, vertigo, fatigue, etc. should immediately lie down, drink a small amount of syrup, and then undergo a physical examination after the symptoms are relieved. 4. If there is localized congestion, use a warm towel after 24 hours to promote absorption. Not suitable for the crowd: no. Inspection process 1. Positive integral calculation method: The positive reaction is mainly seen in the cytoplasm of the lobular nucleus and the rod-shaped nucleus in the mature stage of the granulocyte cell line, and gray or brown black particles appear in the cytoplasm of the granulosa cell line. The grading and integral calculation of the positive degree are as follows. "-" is a negative reaction: 0 points. "+" is a positive particle in the area below cytoplasmic 1/2: 1 point. "++" means positive particles in the cytoplasmic l/2~2/3 region: 2 points. "+++" means that all cytoplasmic positive particles are distributed in a sheet form with a low density: 3 points. "++++" means that the cytoplasm is all filled with massive precipitates and the density is high: 4 points. 2. Due to different experimental conditions in each laboratory, the normal reference values ​​are also different. The normal value of this laboratory should be established. 3. There is a physiological change in alkaline phosphatase activity. Neonatal alkaline phosphatase activity is elevated and gradually decreases later. Adults have lower activity than children and lower age. Under stress, such as nervousness, fear, and strenuous exercise, activity may increase. In the early menstrual period, the activity can also be increased. 4, alkaline phosphatase positive score, can be slightly elevated in the second to third months of pregnancy, and then increased month by month, peaked during childbirth, return to normal after delivery. Not suitable for the crowd no. Adverse reactions and risks no.